Henry St. George Tucker Sr.

Henry St. George Tucker Sr. (December 29, 1780 – August 28, 1848)[1] was a Virginia jurist, law professor, and U.S. Congressman (1815–1819).

Henry St. George Tucker Sr.
President of the Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals
In office March 1831 – 1841
Preceded by	Francis T. Brooke
Succeeded by	William H. Cabell
Member of the Virginia Senate
In office 1819–1823
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Virginia's 3rd district
In office March 4, 1815 – March 3, 1819
Preceded by	John Smith
Succeeded by	Jared Williams
Chairman of the House Committee on Expenditures on Public Buildings
In office March 4, 1817 – March 3, 1819
Preceded by	Lewis Condict
Succeeded by	Henry Meigs
Chairman of the House Committee on the District of Columbia
In office March 4, 1815 – March 3, 1817
Preceded by	John Dawson
Succeeded by	John Carlyle Herbert
Personal details
Born	Henry St. George Tucker December 29, 1780 Mattoax Plantation, Chesterfield County, Virginia
Died	August 28, 1848 (aged 67) Winchester, Virginia
Political party	Democratic-Republican
Alma mater	College of William and Mary
Profession	lawyer, professor
Military service
Allegiance	United States of America
Rank	Captain
Battles/wars	War of 1812

Biography

Tucker was born on Mattoax Plantation in Chesterfield County, Virginia on December 29, 1780 to St. George Tucker and Frances Bland, the daughter of Theodorick Bland of Cawsons.[1] He was thus the half-brother through his mother of U.S. Representative and Senator John Randolph of Roanoke. As a young man, he pursued classical studies at the College of William & Mary; he graduated in 1798. Tucker stayed in Williamsburg, Virginia to study law at William and Mary as well as under his father who was an established Virginia lawyer. He excelled in the study of law, obtaining his law degree in 1801. After being admitted to the Virginia bar, Tucker commenced a legal practice in Winchester, Virginia.

Notably, Tucker was appointed to the law faculty at the College of William & Mary (1801–1804) and later was captain of Cavalry in the War of 1812. He was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the U.S. House of Representatives and served for two terms, from 1815 to 1819. During his tenure, Tucker was a supporter of the American System, including the establishment of the Second Bank of the United States and the passage of the Tariff of 1816.[2] In 1823 he had a son, John Randolph Tucker. From 1824 to 1831 he operated the Winchester Law School. He went on to be judge and president of the Court of Appeals of Virginia (1831–1841) and then became a professor of law at the University of Virginia (1841 to 1845).

As a law professor, Tucker authored Commentaries on the Law of Virginia as well as several treatises on natural law and on the formation of the Constitution of the United States. He is widely known for adding a mandatory pledge to the student honor code while a professor at the University of Virginia. On July 4, 1842, St. George Tucker offered the following resolution as a gesture of confidence in students: "...resolved, that in all future examinations ... each candidate shall attach to the written answers ... a certificate of the following words: I, A.B., do hereby certify on my honor that I have derived no assistance during the time of this examination from any source whatsoever." Tucker's pledge was adopted and soon became the following: "I do hereby certify on honor that I have derived no assistance during the time of this examination from any source whatever, whether oral, written or in print."[3] This basic pledge has, in one form or another, been adopted at many American universities.

Tucker resigned in July, 1845 due to ill health.[4] He died in Winchester, Virginia in 1848.

Electoral history

• 1815; Tucker was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives with 71.5% of the vote, defeating Federalist Griffin Taylor and Independent Robert Bailey.
• 1817; Tucker was re-elected with 67.84% of the vote, defeating fellow Democratic-Republican William Carlson.

Legacy and honors

• The papers of the Tucker-Coleman family, including the papers of Henry St. George Tucker, are held by the Special Collections Research Center at the College of William & Mary.[5]
• His home near Leetown, West Virginia, known as Woodbury, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.[6]
• Tucker County, West Virginia is named in his honor

Works

• Commentaries on the Law of Virginia (2 vols., Winchester, 1836–1837)
• Lectures on Constitutional Law (Richmond, 1843)
• Lectures on Natural Law and Government (Charlottesville, 1844)

Notes

1. Tyler, Lyon Gardiner, ed. (1915). "Judges of the Supreme Court". Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography. II. New York: Lewis Historical Publishing Company. pp. 63–64. Retrieved September 17, 2012.
2. Annals of Congress, 14th Cong., 1st sess., pp. 1084-88, 1219; Annals of Congress, 14th Cong., 2nd Sess., pg. 1352
3. Smith, C. Alphonso (November 29, 1936). "'I Certify On My Honor--' The Real Story of How the Famed 'Honor System' at University of Virginia Functions and What Matriculating Students Should Know About It". Richmond Times Dispatch. Archived from the original on July 25, 2013.
4. Bruce, Philip Alexander (1921). History of the University of Virginia: The Lengthening Shadow of One Man. III. New York: Macmillan. p. 68.
5. "Tucker-Coleman Papers". Special Collections Research Center, Earlg Gregg Swem Library, College of William & Mary. Retrieved 5 February 2011.
6. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.

References

• United States Congress. "Henry St. George Tucker Sr. (id: T000398)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
• Wilson, J. G.; Fiske, J., eds. (1889). "Tucker, Thomas Tudor" . Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. New York: D. Appleton.

External links

• Henry St. George Tucker Sr. at Find a Grave
• Finding aid for the Tucker-Coleman Papers