Henry Carteret, 1st Baron Carteret

Henry Frederick Carteret, 1st Baron Carteret PC (1735–1826), of Haynes, Bedfordshire (known until 1776 as the Honourable Henry Frederick Thynne), was Member of Parliament for Staffordshire (1757–1761), for Weobley in Herefordshire (1761–1770) and was Master of the Household to King George III 1768–1771. He was hereditary Bailiff of Jersey 1776–1826.

Henry Frederick Carteret, 1st Baron Carteret (1735–1826), detail from his mural monument in Kilkhampton Church, Cornwall

Quartered arms of Henry Carteret, 1st Baron Carteret (1735–1826): 1st & 4th grand quarters: 1st & 4th Gules, four fusils conjoined in fess argent (Carteret); 2nd & 3rd: Gules, three clarions or (Granville); 2nd & 3rd grand quarters: 1st & 4th: Barry of ten or and sable (Botteville); 2nd & 3rd: Argent, a lion rampant with tail nowed and erect gules (Thynne)

Mural monument in Kilkhampton Church, Cornwall, to Henry Carteret, 1st Baron Carteret (1735–1826), inscribed: "Henry Frederick Thynne. Born November 1735. Privy Counsellor, Bailiff of Jersey, Baron Carteret of Hawnes. Died June 1826". An identical monument survives in Haynes Church[1]

Origins

He was the second son of Thomas Thynne, 2nd Viscount Weymouth (1710–1751), by his second wife Louisa Carteret, daughter of John Carteret, 2nd Baron Carteret, 2nd Earl Granville (1690–1763). He was thus the younger brother of Thomas Thynne, 3rd Viscount Weymouth, later created Marquess of Bath.[2]

Education

He was educated at St John's College, Cambridge, graduating BA, and in 1753 proceeded MA. In 1769 he was awarded the degree of Doctor of Civil Laws.[3]

Career

In 1757 he was encouraged by his friend and 3rd cousin (both were descended from daughters and eventual co-heiresses of John Granville, 1st Earl of Bath (1628–1701)) Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Gower (1721–1803), to enter Parliament for Staffordshire, when that seat had become vacant following the death of Gower's uncle, Hon. William Leveson-Gower (died 1756). In 1761 he was elected for the Herefordshire borough of Weobley, which he represented until 1770.[4]

In 1762 his brother sought an office for him, leading to his appointment as Clerk Comptroller of the Green Cloth (worth £1000 per year).[5] He lost this office when the Grenville government fell in 1765, and entered into opposition. After his brother returned to office as Secretary of State in 1767,[6] Thynne returned to the Royal household as Master of the Household, a post worth over £900 which he held until 1771.[7]

He was made a member of the Privy Council in 1770. In 1771 (after his brother had left office), he was given the office of joint Postmaster General, which he held until 1789. This was worth £3000 per year, and he thereupon retired from the House of Commons.[6] He gave up the postmastership in 1789, when his brother was created Marquess of Bath.[6]

Inheritance and peerage

In 1776, by Act of Parliament,[8] he changed his name and arms to Carteret, in compliance with his inheritance from his childless uncle Robert Carteret, 3rd Baron Carteret, 3rd Earl Granville (1721–1776) (under the terms of the will of the latter's father John Carteret, 2nd Earl Granville (1690–1763)),[9] of his estates including Hawnes Park (now Haynes Park), in Bedfordshire and Kilkhampton in Cornwall (the ancient seat of the Granvilles, Earls of Bath). He also succeeded him as Bailiff of Jersey, a post (for life) long held by heads of the Carteret family. In 1784 he was created Baron Carteret, of Hawnes, thus reviving his uncle's second title.

Rebuilds Hawnes Park

Haynes Park (formerly known as "Hawnes") in 2001. South front as rebuilt in about 1785–1790 by Henry Carteret, 1st Baron Carteret.[10]

Hawnes Park was modernised and partly rebuilt by Henry Carteret, 1st Baron Carteret, and in 1813 consisted of two quadrangles.[11] He rebuilt the south front in about 1785–1790, probably to the designs of James Lewis.[10] In 1813 Lysons reported that it contained portraits of Margaret, Countess of Lennox; the mother of Rembrandt; Sir George and Lady Carteret; John, Earl Granville, and at the foot of the staircase "an ancient view" of Longleat, seat of the Thynne family.[12]

Marriage

In 1810 he married his mistress of many years, Eleanor Smart, but there were no children.

Death and succession

He died in 1826 and was succeeded as 2nd Baron by his younger nephew Lord George Thynne (1770–1838) in accordance with a special remainder in the patent when he was created baron.[6] His simple white marble mural monument with bust survives in Kilkhampton Church, Cornwall, inscribed:

"Henry Frederick Thynne. Born November 1735. Privy Counsellor, Bailiff of Jersey, Baron Carteret of Hawnes. Died June 1826"

References

2. Burke's Peerage (1939 edn), s.v. Bath, Marquess.
3. "Thynne, The Hon. Henry Frederick (THN752HF)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
4. Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs
5. 'The household below stairs: Clerks of the Green Cloth 1660-1782', Office-Holders in Modern Britain: Volume 11 (revised): Court Officers, 1660-1837 (2006), pp. 403–40. British History online, accessed 9 August 2008.
6. Roland Thorne, ‘Carteret , Henry Frederick, first Baron Carteret of Hawnes (1735–1826)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford University Press, Sept 2004; online edn, Jan 2008), accessed 9 August 2008
7. British History online, accessed 9 August 2008.
8. The Gentleman's Magazine, and Historical Chronicle, Volume 96, Part 2, August 1826, p. 174, Obituary
9. Victoria County History, Bedford, Volume 2, William Page (editor), 1908, pp. 338–344, Parishes: Hawnes or Haynes
10. Listed building text
11. Lysons, Daniel & Samuel, Magna Britannia, Vol.I, Part I, Bedfordshire, London, 1813, p. 93
12. Lysons, 1813.
13. Burke, Sir Bernard, (1938 ed) Burke's Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage. Shaw, London. p. 243
14. Woodfall, H. (1768). The Peerage of England; Containing a Genealogical and Historical Account of All the Peers of that Kingdom Etc. Fourth Edition, Carefully Corrected, and Continued to the Present Time, Volume 6. p. 258.
15. Lee, Sidney; Edwards, A. S. G. (revised) (2004). "Thynne, William (d. 1546)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/27426. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
16. Girouard, Mark, Thynne, Sir John (1515–1580), estate manager and builder of Longleat in Oxford Dictionary of Biography (Oxford University Press, 2004)
17. Booth, Muriel. "Thynne, John (?1550–1604), of Longleat, Wilts". History of Parliament. The History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
18. Lancaster, Henry; Thrush, Andrew. "Thynne, Charles (c.1568–1652), of Cheddar, Som". History of Parliament. The History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
19. Pugh, R. B.; Crittall, Elizabeth, eds. (1957). "Parliamentary history: 1529–1629". A History of the County of Wiltshire: Volume 5. British History Online. London: Victoria County History.
20. Ferris, John P. "Thynne, Sir James (c.1605-70), of Longbridge Deverill, Wilts". History of Parliament. The History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
21. Helms, M. W.; Ferris, John P. "Thynne, Sir Thomas (c.1610–c.69), of Richmond, Surr". History of Parliament. The History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
22. Marshall, Alan (2008) [2004]. "Thynne, Thomas [nicknamed Tom of Ten Thousand] (1647/8–1682)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/27423. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
23. Heath-Caldwell, J. J. "Thomas Thynne, 1st Marquess of Bath, 3rd Viscount Weymouth". JJ Heath-Caldwell. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
24. Hayton, D. W. "Thynne, Hon. Henry (1675-1708)". The History of Parliament. The History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
25. Dunaway, Stewart (2013). Lord John Carteret, Earl Granville: His Life History and the Granville Grants. Lulu. p. 33. ISBN 9781300878070.
26. "Bath, Thomas Thynne". Encyclopedia Britannica 1911. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
27. Thorne, Roland. "Carteret [formerly Thynne], Henry Frederick". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
28. "Thomas Thynne, 2nd Marquess of Bath (1765–1837)". National Portrait Gallery. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
29. Escott, Margaret. "Thynne, Lord Henry Frederick (1797-1837), of 6 Grovesnor Square, Mdx". History of Parliament. The History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
30. "John Thynne, 4th Marquess of Bath (1831-1896), Diplomat and landowner". National Portrait Gallery. Retrieved 2 January 2016.