Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase

Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase refers to a single viral protein that has both hemagglutinin and (endo) neuraminidase EC 3.2.1.18 activity. This is in contrast to the proteins found in influenza, where both functions exist but in two separate proteins. Its neuraminidase domain has the CAZy designation glycoside hydrolase family 83 (GH83).[2]

Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase, Paramyxoviridae
Structure of the sialic acid binding site in Newcastle disease virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase.[1]
Identifiers
SymbolHN
PfamPF00423
Pfam clanCL0434
InterProIPR000665
SCOP21usr / SCOPe / SUPFAM
CAZyGH83
CDDcd15469

It does show a structural similarity to influenza viral neuraminidase and has a six-bladed beta-propeller structure.[3] This Pfam entry also matches measles hemagglutinin (cd15467), which has a "dead" neuraminidase part repurposed as a receptor binding site.[4]

Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase allows the virus to stick to a potential host cell, and cut itself loose if necessary. Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase can be found in a variety of paramyxoviruses including mumps virus, human parainfluenza virus 3, and the avian pathogen Newcastle disease virus.

Types include:

Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase inhibitors have been investigated and suggest that there may applications for human use in the future.[5]

References
  1. Zaitsev V, von Itzstein M, Groves D, et al. (April 2004). "Second sialic acid binding site in Newcastle disease virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase: implications for fusion". J. Virol. 78 (7): 3733–41. doi:10.1128/JVI.78.7.3733-3741.2004. PMC 371092. PMID 15016893.
  2. Yuan P, Thompson TB, Wurzburg BA, Paterson RG, Lamb RA, Jardetzky TS (2005). "Structural studies of the parainfluenza virus 5 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase tetramer in complex with its receptor, sialyllactose". Structure. 13 (5): 803–15. doi:10.1016/j.str.2005.02.019. PMID 15893670.
  3. Lawrence MC, Borg NA, Streltsov VA, et al. (January 2004). "Structure of the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase from human parainfluenza virus type III". J. Mol. Biol. 335 (5): 1343–57. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2003.11.032. PMID 14729348.
  4. Colf, LA; Juo, ZS; Garcia, KC (December 2007). "Structure of the measles virus hemagglutinin". Nature Structural & Molecular Biology. 14 (12): 1227–8. doi:10.1038/nsmb1342. PMID 18026116. S2CID 40292.
  5. Alymova IV, Taylor G, Takimoto T, et al. (May 2004). "Efficacy of novel hemagglutinin-neuraminidase inhibitors BCX 2798 and BCX 2855 against human parainfluenza viruses in vitro and in vivo". Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 48 (5): 1495–502. doi:10.1128/AAC.48.5.1495-1502.2004. PMC 400544. PMID 15105096.
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