Helicella itala

Helicella itala is a species of medium-sized, air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Geomitridae, the hairy snails and their allies. [1]

Helicella itala
shell of Helicella itala
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Mollusca
Class:
Gastropoda
(unranked):
clade Heterobranchia
clade Euthyneura
clade Panpulmonata
clade Eupulmonata
clade Stylommatophora
informal group Sigmurethra
Superfamily:
Helicoidea
Family:
Geomitridae
Genus:
Helicella
Species:
H. itala
Binomial name
Helicella itala
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Synonyms
  • Helicella (Helicella) itala (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Helix itala Linnaeus, 1758 (original combination)

The common Heath snail is a West Palearctic species found in the British Isles, France, Spain, Belgium, Netherlands, Switzerland, Denmark, Germany, Austria, Czech Republic, and Poland. English common name is Heath snail.

Subspecies
  • Helicella itala itala (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Helicella itala pampelonensis (A. Schmidt, 1855)

Life cycle

The size of the egg is 1.5 mm.[2]

Drawing of love dart of Helicella itala.

This species of snail makes and uses love darts during mating.

Description

The 12–20 mm. shell is broad and very depressed with an open coil forming a convex, low spire. The umbilicus is very wide. The whorls are slightly convex and have shallow sutures. The aperture is elliptical and lacks an internal rib. The surface (periostracum) is white or pale yellow-brown and dark brown or yellow-brown spiral bands and fine irregular growth ridges.

  • banded form, apical side
  • banded form, umbilical side
  • white form, apical side
  • white form, umbilical side

Habitat

The animals live on dry, exposed habitats, such as roadsides and railway embankments, vegetated sand dunes and rock boulders and short grassland. They rise up to 2000 m above sea level in the Alps and Pyrenees.

References
  1. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Helicella itala (Linnaeus, 1758). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=426387 on 2021-02-01
  2. Heller J.: Life History Strategies. in Barker G. M. (ed.): The biology of terrestrial molluscs. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, ISBN 0-85199-318-4. 1-146, cited page: 428.
  • Provoost, S.; Bonte, D. (Ed.) (2004). Animated dunes: a view of biodiversity at the Flemish coast [Levende duinen: een overzicht van de biodiversiteit aan de Vlaamse kust]. Mededelingen van het Instituut voor Natuurbehoud, 22. Instituut voor Natuurbehoud: Brussel, Belgium. ISBN 90-403-0205-7. 416, ill., appendices pp.
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