Hapalla

Hapalla, also written as Haballa, was a kingdom in central-western Anatolia around the middle of the 14th century BC. Inhabited by Luwians, Hapalla was one of the Arzawa states,[1] of which it was the easternmost. The kingdom of Hapalla existed at least until the end of the thirteenth century, and perhaps even some decades later, yet falling to the Sea Peoples in 1180 BC. It remained a vassal to the Hittites for much of this time.

History

The first mention of Hapalla is when Arnuwanda I asks for help against a local uprising there. He bestows this duty to his vassal Madduwata, who betrays him by taking Hapalla for himself. After threats from Arnuwanda, Madduwata yields and hands it back to the Hittites.[2]

Later, when the Hittites are retaking their lands under Suppiluliuma I, he sends his army into Hapalla,[3] whose capital is burnt down and inhabitants deported. In 1340 BC, an independent Seha River Land, Mira, and Hapalla are carved out of Arzawa, who only retain their capital, Apasa, and the surrounding land.[4]

The first sovereign known to us from Hapalla was Targasnalli who, after the failure of the uprising of Uhha-Ziti against Hittite monarch Muršili II (1319 BC), agreed to submit again to the authority of Hattuša and therefore was "...re-installed on the throne of Hapalla by the Hittite ruler".[5] From the subsequent treaty of Kupanta-Kurunta, we learn that Targasnalli was still on the throne of Hapalla around 1310 BC.

The second ruler of Hapalla, a certain Ura-Hattusa, who appears in Alaksandu's treaty of 1280 BC, where the Hittite ruler Muwatalli II, son of Mursili, lists the four sovereigns of the surviving Arzawa kingdoms (What remained of Arzawa had been annexed by Mira) mentioning Ura-Hattusa as king of Hapalla. It is uncertain whether the two rulers came from the same family.

After this treaty, there are no more references to the kingdom of Hapalla.

It is now believed by scholars that towards the end of the Hittite empire (1230–25 BC approx.), before the Sea Peoples, King Tudhaliya IV established the State of Mira as the regional supervisor of Western Anatolia, Hapalla most likely as much a vassal to Mira as they were to the Hittites.[6]

Geography

All we know about Hapalla comes from Hittite royal archives. It bordered to the west by Mira, to the east by the Lower Land, and to the south by the land of Tarhuntassa,[7] thus Hapalla may correspond to the classical region of Pisidia. Because of its position so close to the heart of the empire, it was often paid more attention by the Hittites, which considered it a bit like a buffer between the motherland and its Arzawa vassals.

Kings of Hapalla
King Dates
Targasnalli c. 1319 – c. 1310 BC
Ura-Hattusa c. 1280 BC

References
  1. S.Heinhold-Krahmer (1977). Arzawa . ISBN 3-533-02587-X
  2. Indictment of Madduwatta, CTH 147. Paragraph 29.
  3. See KUB xix 22, 8–11, or the Deeds of Suppiluliuma, Fragment 20, at the Wayback Machine.
  4. Bryce, Trevor (1999). The Kingdom of the Hittites. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 52. ISBN 9780199240104. OCLC 264593433.
  5. See CTH 67. Treaty with Targasnalli, king of Hapalla, tablet concordance KBo V, 4 - CTH 67
  6. Hawkins, J.D. 2009. The Arzawa letters in recent perspective. BMSAES 14: 73–83. https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/Hawkins.pdf British Museum
  7. Bryce, Trevor (1999). The Kingdom of the Hittites. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 43. ISBN 9780199240104. OCLC 264593433.https://books.google.co.uk/books/about/The_Kingdom_of_the_Hittites.html?id=Agg5-lpVI2MC
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.