Hale (Assyrian king)

Hale (Akkadian: 𒄩𒇷𒂊, romanized: Ḫa-le-e) was the eighteenth Assyrian monarch of the Early Period of Aššūrāyu (Assyria) (fl. c. 2028 BC), according to the Assyrian King List (AKL).

Hale
King of Assyria
Reignfl. c. 2028 BC
PredecessorApiashal
SuccessorSamani
FatherApiashal

Hale is listed within a section of the AKL as the second out of the ten “kings whose fathers are known”. This section has often been interpreted as the list of ancestors of the Amorite Shamshi-Adad I (fl. c. 1809 BC)[1] who had conquered the city-state of Aššur.[2] In keeping with this assumption, scholars have inferred that the original form of the AKL had been written (among other things) as an “attempt to justify that Šamši-Adad I was a legitimate ruler of the city-state Aššur and to obscure his non-Assyrian antecedents by incorporating his ancestors into a native Assyrian genealogy.”[1] However, this interpretation has not been accepted universally; the Cambridge Ancient History rejected this interpretation and instead interpreted the section as being that of the ancestors of Sulili.[3]

The AKL also states the following: "Hale son of Apiashal," additionally; "Samani son of Hale." Apiashal (fl. c. 2029 BC) is listed within the section of the AKL as the last of "altogether seventeen kings, tent dwellers".[4][1] This section shows marked similarities to the ancestors of the First Babylonian Dynasty.[1]

Very little is otherwise known about Hale's reign.

Preceded by
Apiashal		 King of Assyria
fl. c. 2028 BC		 Succeeded by
Samani

See also

References
  1. Meissner, Bruno (1990). Reallexikon der Assyriologie. 6. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. p. 104. ISBN 3110100517.
  2. Van De Mieroop, Marc (2004). A History of the Ancient Near East ca. 3000-323 BC (2nd ed.). Blackwell Publishing. p. 107. ISBN 9781405149112.
  3. Hildegard Levy, "Assyria c. 2600-1816 B.C.", Cambridge Ancient History. Volume 1, Part 2: Early History of the Middle East, 729-770, p. 745-746.)
  4. Glassner, Jean-Jacques (2004). Mesopotamian Chronicles. Society of Biblical Literature. p. 137. ISBN 1589830903.
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