Haggai 2

Haggai 2 is the second (and final) chapter of the Book of Haggai in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible.[1][2] This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Haggai, written c. 520-515 BCE,[3] and is a part of the Book of the Twelve Minor Prophets.[4][5]

Haggai 2
Leningrad Codex (AD. 1008) contains the complete copy of Book of Haggai in Hebrew.
BookBook of Haggai
CategoryNevi'im
Christian Bible partOld Testament
Order in the Christian part37

Text

The original text was written in Hebrew language. This chapter is divided into 24 verses.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), and Codex Leningradensis (1008).[6][lower-alpha 1] Fragments containing parts of this chapter in Hebrew were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls, including 4Q77 (4QXIIb; 150–125 BCE) with extant verses 2–4;[8][9][10] 4Q80 (4QXIIe; 75–50 BCE) with extant verses 1–2;[8][9][11] and Wadi Murabba'at Minor Prophets (Mur88; MurXIIProph; 75-100 CE) with extant verses 1–9, 11, 13–24.[9][12]

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: S; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q; Q; 6th century).[13]

Take Courage! (2:1–9)

The prophecy in this part was spoken almost a month after Haggai's last utterance to the same public: Zerubbabel, Joshua, and the remnant, using a similar interrogative rhetoric as in 1:4, 9.[14]

Verse 1
In the seventh month, on the twenty-first of the month, the word of the Lord came by Haggai the prophet, saying:[15]

The date is October 17, 520 BC in current calendar calculation. In the ancient Jewish calendar this day was the last day of Sukkot (the Feast of Tabernacles; see Leviticus 23:33-44).[16]

Holy–Unclean (2:10–14)

Haggai speaks again as prophet a little more than two months later to the priests only.[14] Haggai asks for a priestly ruling (tora), which was one of the basic tasks of priests (cf. Deuteronomy 33:10; Leviticus 10:10–11) whether a certain action is holy (verse 12) and then whether another action is unclean (verse 13), to be connected to the condition of the people who at that time were worshipping at the temple site, which had been profaned (so it is unclean), thus without the purification of that holy place, all that the people of Judah offered were also unclean.[14] The solution of the problem would be the rebuilding the temple, because it involves rituals of purification (Haggai 2:15-19).[14]

Verse 10
On the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month, in the second year of Darius, the word of the Lord came by Haggai the prophet, saying,[17]

The date is December 24, 520 BCE in Julian calendar; or December 18, 520 BCE in Gregorian calendar calculation.[16]

Verse 12
[Haggai asked:] "'If someone carries holy meat in the fold of his garment and touches with his fold bread or stew or wine or oil or any kind of food, does it become holy?'"
The priests answered and said, “No.”[18]

Verse 13
Then Haggai said, "If someone who is unclean by contact with a dead body touches any of these, does it become unclean?"
The priests answered and said, "It does become unclean."[19]

See also

Notes
  1. Since 1947 the whole book is missing from Aleppo Codex.[7]

References
  1. Collins 2014.
  2. Hayes 2015.
  3. Petersen 2007, p. 607.
  4. Metzger, Bruce M., et al. The Oxford Companion to the Bible. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
  5. Keck, Leander E. 1996. The New Interpreter's Bible: Volume: VII. Nashville: Abingdon.
  6. Würthwein 1995, pp. 35-37.
  7. P. W. Skehan (2003), "BIBLE (TEXTS)", New Catholic Encyclopedia, 2 (2nd ed.), Gale, pp. 355–362
  8. Ulrich 2010, p. 619.
  9. Dead sea scrolls - Zephaniah
  10. Fitzmyer 2008, p. 38.
  11. Fitzmyer 2008, p. 39.
  12. Fitzmyer 2008, pp. 140-141.
  13. Würthwein 1995, pp. 73-74.
  14. Petersen 2007, p. 609.
  15. Haggai 2:1 NKJV
  16. The Nelson Study Bible. Thomas Nelson, Inc. 1997. ISBN 9780840715999. pp. 1514-5.
  17. Haggai 2:10 KJV
  18. Haggai 2:10 ESV
  19. Haggai 2:13 ESV

Sources
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