Hacı Bayram-ı Veli

Hacı Bayram-ı Veli or Haji Bayram Wali (Arabic: الحاج بيرم ولي‎) (1352–1430) was a Turkish poet, a Sufi, and the founder of the Bayrami Sufi order.[1] He also composed a number of hymns.[1]

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Hacı Bayram-ı Veli
The cenotaph of "Haji Bayram Wali" is located inside Hacı Bayram Mosque's Tomb in Ulus, Ankara
Personal
Born1352 CE
Solfasol Village, Ankara
Died1430 (aged 77–78)
Ulus, Ankara
ReligionIslam
EthnicityTurkish
EraMedieval
RegionOttoman Empire, Anatolia
CreedSunni Islam
Main interest(s)Sufi poetry, Dhikr
Notable idea(s)Bayramiyya tariqah
Muslim leader

Biography

Early life

He lived between 1352 and 1430. His original name was Numan, he changed it to Bayram after he met his spiritual leader Somunju Baba during the festival of Eid ul-Adha (called Kurban Bayramı in Turkish).

Haji Bayram was born in small village in Ankara Province, and became a scholar of Islam. His life changed after he received instruction in Tasawwuf in the city of Kayseri from Shāikh Hāmeed Hāmeed’ūd-Dīn-ee Wālī, who was actually one of the murshids of the Sāfav’īyyah Tariqah Sheikh Khoja Alā ad-Dīn Alī.

Pilgrimage and the foundation of his order

The two mystics, Shāikh Hāmeed’ūd-Dīn-ee Wālī (Somunju Baba) and Haji Bayram, were living in the city of Bursa when they made the Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca) together. During this holy journey Hāmeed’ūd-Dīn-ee Wālī continued to teach sufism. Shāikh Hāmeed’ūd-Dīn died in 1412 passing his authority to Haji Bayram Wali, who returned to Ankara as the sheikh (leader) of a tariqa called Bayrami.[2] He built a Dervish lodge on the site in Ankara where his tomb and mosque stand today. People came to stay there and learn about sufism. The order grew popular with Bayram's successful teaching.

Akshemsaddin and Haji Bayram

The growth of the order perturbed some local authorities; they shared their worries with the Ottoman Sultan Murad II, who called Haji Bayram to Edirne (the capital of the Ottoman Empire at that time). The Sultan wanted to test the opinions, doctrine and the patriotism of the order. At this time in Anatolia there were many independent Turkish clans with little unity among them.

Haji Bayram took another scholar, his murid Akshemsaddin (Aqq-Shams’ūd-Dīn) (Ak in Turkish means The Pure White), with him to Edirne to meet the Sultan. Murad soon understood that the complaints against Bayram were merely rumours and Haji Bayram and Akshemseddin stayed for a while in Edirne, lecturing and preaching to the court. He had more private consultations with the Sultan in which they discussed matters of the world, life and the future.

In particular the Sultan was concerned with the conquest of Constantinople, the Byzantine capital that the armies of Islam had struggled to conquer without success. The Sultan asked Bayram directly, "Who will conquer the city?" The reply came: "You will not. But this baby shall. You and I will not be alive at the time of that conquest. But my student Akshemseddin will be there." The baby was the Sultan's son, the future Mehmed II, who would conquer the city (which later became known as Istanbul) in 1453 and receive the title Fatih (meaning the conqueror).

Haji Bayram requested that his student Akshemseddin be the teacher of the baby Mehmed, and Sultan Murad agreed. Haji Bayram made a few more trips to Edirne until he died in 1430 in Ankara, passing the leadership of his order to Akshemseddin. His tomb[2] and the mosque dedicated to him are in Ankara.[3]

The evolutionary development of "Bāyrāmī faith" throughout Anatolia
Main articles: Bayramiyya and Ṭarīqah
Islam
ShiʿismTasawwufSunni[4]Kharijites
HanafiMalikiShafi'iHanbaliẒāhirī
Zu al-NūnIbn AdhamAsh-ShādhilīAbu al-Najib
BastāmīShādhilī’yyahSuhraward’īyyah
KharaqānīAbu Hafs Umar
Sahl al-TūstārīArslan BabaYusūf Hamadānī
Mansur Al-HallajAhmed-i YassawiAbd’ūl`Khaliq GajadwaniAbd’ūl`Qadir Gaylānī
Nāqshband’īyyah TariqaQādir’īyyah TariqaSheikh’ūl`Akbar Ibn ʿArabī
Zāhed Gaylānī Zāhed’īyyahAkbar’īyyah Sūfīsm
Khālwat’īyyahWāhdat’ūl`Wūjood
Yunus EmreBāyrām’īyyah TariqaHacı Bayram-ı Veli
Shāms’īyyah-ee Bāyrām’īyyahJalvat’īyyah-ee Bāyrām’īyyahMalāmat’īyyah-ee Bāyrām’īyyah
Aziz Mahmud Hudayi
İsmail Hakkı Bursevî
Safranbolulu Mehmed Emin Halvetî
  • The exterior view of Ankara Hacı Bayram Mosque - The wall of the Monumentum Ancyranum is seen at right.
  • Hacı Bayram Mosque is located next to Monumentum Ancyranum in Ulus (Side view)
  • The minaret of the Hacı Bayram Mosque.
  • The walls of Hacı Bayram Mosque, Ulus, Ankara, Turkey. (Exterior view)
  • The entire vliew of the building.
  • Interior view of the "Hacı Bayram Mosque".
  • The entrance door of his türbe.
  • The dome of his türbe.
  • Hacı Bayram türbe, Temple, Mosque
  • Hacı Bayram türbe
  • Hacı Bayram Interior
  • Hacı Bayram Interior
  • Biography of Haci Bayram in Turkish Language
  • Picture was taken of tomb in night view

See also

Notes
  1. Levine, Lynn A. (editor) (2006) "Hacı Bayram Mosque (Hacı Bayram Camii)" Frommer's Turkey (4th edition) Wiley, Hoboken, New Jersey, page 371, ISBN 0-471-78556-3
  2. Taji-Farouki, Suha (2007) Beshara and Ibn 'Arabi: a movement of Sufi spirituality in the modern world, Anqa, Oxford, England, page 158, ISBN 978-1-905937-00-4
  3. Davis, Ben (editor) (2003) Let's Go Turkey St. Martin's Press, New York, page 398, ISBN 0-312-30597-4
  4. Balcıoğlu, Tahir Harimî, Türk Tarihinde Mezhep Cereyanları - The course of madhhab events in Turkish history, (Preface and notes by Hilmi Ziya Ülken), Ahmet Sait Press, 271 pages, Kanaat Publications, Istanbul, 1940. (in Turkish)
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