Akshamsaddin

Akshamsaddin (Muhammad Shams al-Din bin Hamzah, Turkish: Ak Şemsettin) (1389, Damascus – 16 February 1459, Göynük, Bolu), was an influential Ottoman religious scholar, poet, and mystic saint. He was an influential tutor and adviser to Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror.[1][2] After completing his work with his master Sheikh Hacı Bayram-ı Veli, he founded the Shamsiyya-Bayramiyya Sufi order. He discovered the lost grave of Abu Ayyub al-Ansari (the companion of Muhammad) in Constantinople preceding the Siege of Constantinople.[3][4][5]

In addition to his fame in religious sciences and Tasawwuf, Akshemsaddin was popular in the fields of medicine and pharmacology. There is not much reference to how he acquired this knowledge, but the Orientalist Elias John Wilkinson Gibb notes in his work History of Ottoman Poetry that Akshamsaddin learned from Haji Bayram Wali during his years with him.[6] Akshamsaddin was also knowledgeable in the treatment of psychological and spiritual disorders.[7][8][9][10][11] Akshamsaddin mentioned the microbe in his work Maddat ul-Hayat (The Material of Life) about two centuries prior to Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek's discovery through experimentation:

It is incorrect to assume that diseases appear one by one in humans. Disease infects by spreading from one person to another. This infection occurs through seeds that are so small they cannot be seen but are alive.[12][13]

Works

Risalat an-Nuriya
Khall-e Mushkilat
Maqamat-e Awliya
Kitab ut-Tib
Maddat ul-Hayat

References

A Part of the Eyoub (i.e., Uyüp) Cemetery, I, Constantinople, Turkey
"Sûfîlere Yöneltilen Tenkitlere Bir Cevap: Akşemseddin ve Def'U Metâini's-Sûfiyye İsimli Eseri". Archived from the original on 2017-09-11. Retrieved 2015-07-07.
Murtaza Gürsoy: Meşhur Eyüp Sultan (The famous Ayyub Sultan), pp. 179-180
Ibn Athir: Usudul Ghaba (Lions of the Jungle), v. 2, p. 90
Al-Istiab, v. 1, p. 151
Elias John Wilkinson Gibb: History of Ottoman Poetry. London, 1900-1909, v. 3, p. 138
Taşköprülüzâde: Şakayık-ı Nûmâniye, v. 1, p. 147.
Nezihe Araz: Anadolu Evliyaları
Nişancızâde Muhammed bin Ahmed: Mirat-ı Kâinat, p. 556
Emir Hüseyin Enîsî: Menâkıb-ı Akşemseddin, p. 12
İslam Ansiklopedisi, v. 1, p. 320
Taşköprülüzâde: Shaqaiq-e Numaniya, v. 1, p. 48
Osman Şevki Uludağ: Beş Buçuk Asırlık Türk Tabâbet Tarihi (Five and a Half Centuries of Turkish Medical History). Istanbul, 1969, pp. 35-36

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[1] A Part of the Eyoub (i.e., Uyüp) Cemetery, I, Constantinople, Turkey

[2] "Sûfîlere Yöneltilen Tenkitlere Bir Cevap: Akşemseddin ve Def'U Metâini's-Sûfiyye İsimli Eseri". Archived from the original on 2017-09-11. Retrieved 2015-07-07.

[3] Murtaza Gürsoy: Meşhur Eyüp Sultan (The famous Ayyub Sultan), pp. 179-180

[4] Ibn Athir: Usudul Ghaba (Lions of the Jungle), v. 2, p. 90

[5] Al-Istiab, v. 1, p. 151

[6] Elias John Wilkinson Gibb: History of Ottoman Poetry. London, 1900-1909, v. 3, p. 138

[7] Taşköprülüzâde: Şakayık-ı Nûmâniye, v. 1, p. 147.

[8] Nezihe Araz: Anadolu Evliyaları

[9] Nişancızâde Muhammed bin Ahmed: Mirat-ı Kâinat, p. 556

[10] Emir Hüseyin Enîsî: Menâkıb-ı Akşemseddin, p. 12

[11] İslam Ansiklopedisi, v. 1, p. 320

[12] Taşköprülüzâde: Shaqaiq-e Numaniya, v. 1, p. 48

[13] Osman Şevki Uludağ: Beş Buçuk Asırlık Türk Tabâbet Tarihi (Five and a Half Centuries of Turkish Medical History). Istanbul, 1969, pp. 35-36