Hōjō Sōun

Hōjō Sōun (北條早雲, 1432 or 1456 – September 8, 1519) was the first head of the Later Hōjō clan, one of the major powers in Japan's Sengoku period. Born Ise Moritoki, he was originally known as Ise Shinkurō (新九郎), a samurai of Taira lineage from a reputable family of shogunate officials. Although he only belonged to a side branch of the main, more prestigious Ise family, he fought his way up, gaining territory and changing his name in imitation of the illustrious Hōjō.[1]

Hōjō Sōun
portrait of Hōjō Sōun
Native name
伊勢 新九郎
Born1432 or 1456
Takakoshi Castle, Ibara
DiedSeptember 8, 1519
Nirayama Castle, Izu Province, Japan
Allegiance Later Hōjō clan
RankLord (Daimyō)
RelationsFather:Ise Sadamori?, Son:Hōjō Ujitsuna
In this Japanese name, the surname is Hōjō.
Tomb of Hōjō Sōun at Sōun-ji Temple

Traditionally Soun held a reputation of a rōnin who rose to power almost overnight in Kantō; however, he belonged to a prestigious family in the direct employment of the Ashikaga shōgun, and enjoyed important family connections. His sister was married to Imagawa Yoshitada, a major daimyō from a prestigious cadet branch of the Ashikaga family. Shinkuro became a retainer in the Imagawa clan, and when Yoshitada died in battle in 1476, Shinkurō mediated the succession dispute between supporters of Yoshitada's son Imagawa Ujichika and Yoshitada's cousin, Oshika Norimitsu. This proved a temporary peace. When Norimitsu again attempted to gain control of the Imagawa clan, Sōun came to Ujichika's defense, killing Norimitsu. Sōun was rewarded by Ujichika with Kokukuji castle. He gained control of Izu Province in 1493, avenging a wrong committed by a member of the Ashikaga family which held the shogunate. With Sōun's successful invasion in Izu province, he is credited by most historians as being the first "Sengoku daimyō".

About 1475, under the cognomen of Ise Shinkuro, he worked for Imagawa, the constable of Suruga Province, and eventually became an "independent leader" with a number of warriors joining him. In 1491, he was able to take Horigoye after the death of Kantō kubō Ashikaga Masatomo, gaining control of Izu Province. He then adopted the surname of Hōjō and the given name of Sōun or Sozui. After building a stronghold at Nirayama, Hōjō Sōun secured Odawara Castle in 1494, the castle which would become the center of the Hōjō family's domains for nearly a century. In an act of treachery, he seized the castle after arranging for its lord to be murdered while out hunting.[2] In 1516, he laid siege to the castle of Arai,[3] and "was virtual master of all Sagami".[2]

In 1519, Sōun died in Nirayama Castle and passed on the newly built Hōjō domains to his son Ujitsuna,[1] who subsequently changed the clan name from the original Ise to Hōjō and posthumously renamed his father to Hōjō Sōun. In 1521, Ujitsuna built Sōun-ji temple dedicated to his father.

Family
Statue of Hōjō Sōun
  • Father: Ise Morisada
  • Mother: daughter of Isa Sadanori
  • Wife: Nan’yoin-dono
  • Concubines:
    • Katsurayama-dono
    • Kennyoji-dono
  • Children:
    • Hōjō Ujitsuna by Nan’yoin-dono
    • Hojo Ujitoki (d.1531) by Nan’yoin-dono
    • Katsurayama Ujihiro (d.1538/1539) by Katsurayama-dono
    • Chosoin-dono married Miura Ujiin by Kennyoji-dono
    • Hōjō Genan (1493-1589) by Kennyoji-dono
    • Seishoin-dono by Kennyoji-dono

References
  1. "北条早雲" (in Japanese). コトバンク. Retrieved 25 July 2019.
  2. Sansom, George (1961). A History of Japan, 1334–1615. Stanford University Press. pp. 243–245. ISBN 0804705259.
  3. Turnbull, Stephen (1998). The Samurai Sourcebook. Cassell & Co. p. 208. ISBN 1854095234.
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