Gnaphalium

cudweeds
	Gnaphalium sandwicensium; from Hawai'i
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Asterales
Family:	Asteraceae
Tribe:	Gnaphalieae
Genus:	Gnaphalium; L. 1753 not Adans. 1763
Type species
	Gnaphalium luteoalbum[1][2]; L.
Synonyms[3]
	Filaginella Opiz; Gnaphalium sect. Synchaeta (Kirp.) Kirp.; Gnaphalium sect. Omalotheca (Cass.) Endl.; Homognaphalium Kirp.; Gnaphalium sect. Eugnaphalium DC.; Synchaeta Kirp.; Dasyranthus Raf. ex Steud.; Gnaphalion St.-Lag.; Demidium DC.; Omalotheca Cass.; Dasyanthus Bubani; Amphidoxa DC.; Omalotheca subg. Gamochaetiopsis Sch.Bip. & F.W. Schulz; Gnaphalium sect. Eu-Gnaphalium O.Hoffm.;

Gnaphalium is a genus of flowering plants in the sunflower family,[2][4] commonly called cudweeds. They are widespread and common in temperate regions, although some are found on tropical mountains or in the subtropical regions of the world.

Cudweeds are important foodplants for American painted lady caterpillars.

Species

Species in this genus include:[3]

Gnaphalium adnatum
Gnaphalium albescens
Gnaphalium aldunateoides
Gnaphalium americanum
Gnaphalium andicola
Gnaphalium antennarioides
Gnaphalium antillanum
Gnaphalium austroafricanum
Gnaphalium badium
Gnaphalium baicalense
Gnaphalium cabrerae
Gnaphalium calviceps
Gnaphalium capense
Gnaphalium caucasicum
Gnaphalium cheiranthifolium
Gnaphalium chimborazense
Gnaphalium chrysocephalum
Gnaphalium clemensiae
Gnaphalium coarctatum
Gnaphalium confine
Gnaphalium coquimbense
Gnaphalium crispatulum
Gnaphalium cymatoides
Gnaphalium decipiens
Gnaphalium declinatum
Gnaphalium demidium
Gnaphalium diamantinense
Gnaphalium dysodes
Gnaphalium diminutivum
Gnaphalium diminutum
Gnaphalium dombeyanum
Gnaphalium ecuadorense
Gnaphalium englerianum
Gnaphalium exilifolium
Gnaphalium filagineum
Gnaphalium filagopsis
Gnaphalium flaccidum
Gnaphalium flavescens
Gnaphalium flavocephalum
Gnaphalium frigidum
Gnaphalium gayanum
Gnaphalium genevoisii
Gnaphalium glanduliferum
Gnaphalium glandulosum
Gnaphalium gnaphalioides
Gnaphalium gnaphalodes
Gnaphalium graveolens
Gnaphalium grayi
Gnaphalium griquense
Gnaphalium hawaiiense
Gnaphalium heleios
Gnaphalium heterotrichum
Gnaphalium hintoniorum
Gnaphalium hoppeanum
Gnaphalium indutum
Gnaphalium jamaicense
Gnaphalium jelskii
Gnaphalium jujuyense
Gnaphalium kasachstanicum
Gnaphalium lacteum
Gnaphalium landbeckii
Gnaphalium leontopodium
Gnaphalium leucopeplum
Gnaphalium leucopilinum
Gnaphalium limicola
Gnaphalium linearum
Gnaphalium mandshuricum
Gnaphalium melanosphaeroides
Gnaphalium meridanum
Gnaphalium moelleri
Gnaphalium montevidense
Gnaphalium nanchuanense
Gnaphalium nelsonii
Gnaphalium norvegicum
Gnaphalium palustre
Gnaphalium panniforme
Gnaphalium paramorum
Gnaphalium parviflorum
Gnaphalium pauciflorum
Gnaphalium pedunculatum
Gnaphalium pensylvanicum
Gnaphalium perpusillum
Gnaphalium peruvianum
Gnaphalium phaeolepis
Gnaphalium pichleri
Gnaphalium pilulare
Gnaphalium polium
Gnaphalium polycaulon
Gnaphalium polycephalum
Gnaphalium pratense
Gnaphalium pseudohelichrysum
Gnaphalium psilophyllum
Gnaphalium puberulum
Gnaphalium pulchrum
Gnaphalium purpureum
Gnaphalium remyanum
Gnaphalium rhodarum
Gnaphalium robustum
Gnaphalium roeseri
Gnaphalium rossicum
Gnaphalium rosulatum
Gnaphalium ruricola
Gnaphalium sandwicensium
Gnaphalium schlimii
Gnaphalium selleanum
Gnaphalium simii
Gnaphalium stagnalis
Gnaphalium stewartii
Gnaphalium stolonatum
Gnaphalium supinum
Gnaphalium sylvaticum
Gnaphalium tarapacanum
Gnaphalium thomsonii
Gnaphalium tranzschelii
Gnaphalium uliginosum
Gnaphalium unionis
Gnaphalium ustulatum
Gnaphalium versatile
Gnaphalium vestitum
Gnaphalium viravira
Gnaphalium yalaense

Gnaphalium spicatum, from Hooker's Flora Antarctica, 1844

Formerly included

Numerous species have at one time been included in Gnaphalium,[3] but are now considered to belong to other genera: Achyrocline, Aliella, Ammobium, Anaphalioides, Anaphalis, Anaxeton, Antennaria, Argyrotegium, Belloa, Berroa, Blumea, Castroviejoa, Chevreulia, Chionolaena, Chrysocephalum, Dolichothrix, Edmondia, Euchiton, Ewartia, Facelis, Filago, Galeomma, Gamochaeta, Gnomophalium, Helichrysum, Ifloga, Laphangium, Lasiopogon, Leontonyx, Leontopodium, Leucogenes, Logfia, Lucilia, Luciliocline, Metalasia, Micropsis, Neojeffreya, Novenia, Ozothamnus, Pentzia, Petalacte, Phagnalon, Pilosella, Plecostachys, Pseudognaphalium, Pterocaulon, Rhodanthe, Raoulia, Schizogyne, Staehelina, Stuckertiella, Syncarpha, Troglophyton, Vellereophyton, Xerochrysum

Secondary metabolites

Gnaphalium species are known to contain flavonoids and diterpenes. Recently, two unique caffeoyl-D-glucaric acid derivatives, leontopodic acid and leontopodic acid B formerly only known from Leontopodium alpinum (L.) Cass. were detected in various species of Gnaphalium together with similar formerly unknown compounds.[5]

References

lectotype designated by Britton & Brown, Illustrated Flora of North America 3: 453. 1913
Tropicos, Gnaphalium L.
Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist search for Gnaphalium
Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 2: 850-857 in Latin
Cicek, S; Untersulzner, C; Schwaiger, S; Zidorn, C (July 2012). "Caffeoyl-D-glucaric acid derivatives in the genus Gnaphalium (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae)" (Free full text). Records of Natural Products (Gebze-Kocaeli , Türkiye). 6 (3): 311–315. ISSN 1307-6167.

External links

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[1] totype designated by Britton & Brown, Illustrated Flora of North America 3: 453. 1913

[o-2] Tropicos, Gnaphalium L.

[p-3] Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist search for Gnaphalium

[4] Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 2: 850-857 in Latin

[5] Cicek, S; Untersulzner, C; Schwaiger, S; Zidorn, C (July 2012). "Caffeoyl-D-glucaric acid derivatives in the genus Gnaphalium (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae)" (Free full text). Records of Natural Products (Gebze-Kocaeli , Türkiye). 6 (3): 311–315. ISSN 1307-6167.