Glenbrook Deviation (1892)

The Glenbrook deviation was a section of track on the Main Western line from the first Knapsack Viaduct to old Glenbrook station in the Blue Mountains of New South Wales, Australia. The approximately five-mile-long (eight-kilometre) deviation was constructed from 1891 to 1892 and replaced the Lapstone Zig Zag. The deviation was closed in 1913 when it was replaced by the second Glenbrook deviation and the second Glenbrook Tunnel,[1] that continues to carry the Main Western line today.[2][3]

This article is about the first deviation of the Main Western line, active between 1892 and 1913. For the current deviation, see Glenbrook Deviation (1913).
Glenbrook Deviation (1892)
Overview
StatusClosed; superseded by the Glenbrook Deviation (1913)
OwnerRailCorp
LocaleBlue Mountains, New South Wales, Australia
TerminiLapstone Bottom Points (east)
33°46′01″S 150°38′26″E
Old Glenbrook station (west)
33°45′54″S 150°37′23″E
Service
TypeHeavy rail
SystemMain Western line
History
OpenedDecember 1892 (1892-12)
Closed25 September 1913 (1913-09-25)
Technical
Track lengthapprox. 5 miles (8 km)
Number of tracksSingle (since removed)
Track gauge4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge
New South Wales Heritage Database
(Local Government Register)
Official name
  • Former Railway Line and Abandoned Rail Tunnel;
  • Glenbrook Tunnel (Lapstone Hill)
TypeLocal government heritage (built)
Designated27 December 1991
Reference no.G018
TypeRailway line
BuildersDepartment of Railways

History

In 1890 it was proposed to bypass the troublesome Lapstone Zig Zag by using a tunnel. This proposal was approved and in March 1891 tenders were called for its construction. The line left Bottom Points and continued into a gully before entering the 2,165-foot-long (660 m) tunnel, on a continuous 1-in-33 gradient.[1] After emerging just below the original alignment, the line curved to the left and ascended slightly before rejoining the original line at Glenbrook. The site of the original Glenbrook Station now lies to the right of the Great Western Highway, near the skate park.

However, the deviation soon proved to be somewhat of a disaster. Even if it did eliminate the Zig Zag which restricted train length, the problem was the design of the tunnel. The first problem was the climb, the tunnel being on a steep, continuous 1-in-33 gradient. The second and main problem was ventilation. The tunnel was single-track, which made the dimensions tight, and towards one end was a curve, which made the ventilation even worse. Passengers found themselves fighting off smoke and fumes from the locomotive.[1] Trains would begin slipping halfway through the tunnel, forcing engine crews to retreat for air.[4] In one incident of 1908, a retreating train met with another down goods train in a collision at the tunnel mouth.

In 1910, work started on a new deviation when the Main Western Line over the Blue Mountains was being duplicated at the time.[5] The second Glenbrook deviation replaced the 1-in-33 deviation with a more gentle 1-in-60 ruling grade across Glenbrook Gorge.[6]

During World War II, the tunnel was used to store bombs and ammunition. After the war however, the tunnel found a useful purpose as a mushroom farm, which continued up until 2016.[7] The upper area has been cleared, though the years of detritus has been left to rot in the tunnel making it unsafe for healthy exploration. The lower area has benefited from the years of mushroom farming by being fed the run-off and is difficult to access.[8]

See also

References
  1. "GLENBROOK DEVIATION". Lithgow Mercury. 16 May 1913. p. 3. Retrieved 17 May 2020 – via Trove, National Library of Australia.
  2. "Former Railway Line and Abandoned Rail Tunnel". New South Wales Heritage Database. Office of Environment and Heritage. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  3. "Glenbrook Tunnel (Lapstone Hill)". New South Wales Heritage Database. Office of Environment and Heritage. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  4. "THE GLENBROOK DEVIATION". The Daily Telegraph. Australia. 14 May 1913. p. 11. Retrieved 17 May 2020 – via Trove, National Library of Australia.
  5. "EMU PLAINS-GLENBROOK DUPLICATION". The Evening News. New South Wales, Australia. 14 June 1910. p. 8 – via Trove, National Library of Australia.
  6. Blue Mountains Library, Local Studies (2018). "9 Men, Glenbrook Tunnel Deviation 1911". Flickr.com. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  7. Lewis, B. C. (21 March 2016). "Eviction notice issued on Glenbrook Mushroom Farm". Blue Mountains Gazette. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
  8. Lewis, B. C. (19 May 2019). "Open Glenbrook Tunnel to the public". Blue Mountains Gazette. Retrieved 20 December 2019.

Further reading
  • Bayley, William A. (William Alan) (1972), Lapstone zig zag railway, Austrail Publications, ISBN 978-0-909597-07-8
  • Belbin, Phillip; Burke, David, 1927- (1981), Full steam across the mountains, Methuen Australia, ISBN 978-0-454-00278-2CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Langdon, Mark (2006), Conquering the Blue Mountains, Eveleigh Press, ISBN 978-1-876568-30-6
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