Gibeon (meteorite)

Gibeon is a meteorite that fell in prehistoric times in Namibia. It was named after the nearest town: Gibeon.

Gibeon
Gibeon meteorites in Post Street Mall, Windhoek
TypeIron
Structural classificationFine octahedrite
GroupIVA[1]
Composition91,8% Fe; 7,7% Ni; 0,5% Co; 0,04% P; 2,4 ppm Ir; 1,97 ppm Ga; 0,111 ppm Ge
CountryNamibia
RegionGreat Namaqualand
Coordinates25°20′S 18°00′E
Observed fallNo
Fall dateprehistoric times
Found date1838[1]
TKW26000 kg[1]
Strewn fieldYes
Widmanstätten pattern
Related media on Wikimedia Commons

History

The meteorite was discovered by the Nama people and used by them to make tools and weapons.

In 1836[1] the English captain J. E. Alexander collected samples of the meteorite in the vicinity of the Fish River and sent them to London. There John Herschel analyzed them and confirmed for the first time the extraterrestrial nature of the material.

Between 1911 and 1913, 33 fragments of the meteorite were collected in the vicinity of Gibeon and brought to the capital Windhoek. They weighed between 195 and 506 kilograms (430 and 1,116 lb) and were first stored, then displayed at Zoo Park as a single heap. In 1975 a public fountain displaying the meteorite fragments was planned. The pieces were removed and stored at Alte Feste, where two of the fragments were stolen. The fountain was erected in Post Street Mall, with two empty pillars for the missing fragments. Since then, two more fragments were removed from the fountain, so that it displays only 29 today.[2]

The collection displayed on the fountain in Windhoek's Central Business District was proclaimed a National Monument (Category: geology) on 15 February 1950. Additionally, all meteorites found in Namibia are automatically protected as National Monuments and must not be removed from where they have been found, nor damaged in any way.[2]

Strewn field

The fragments of the meteorite in the strewn field are dispersed over an elliptical area 275 kilometres (171 mi) long and 100 kilometres (62 mi) wide. The core of this area is situated near the village of Gibeon in Namibia's Hardap Region. About 100–150 different fragments have been collected over time, and additional pieces are still found occasionally.[2]

Composition and classification
Gibeon full slice, NMNH

The term Gibeon encompasses the whole meteoritic material fallen from the sky during this fall. This material is classified as iron meteorite belonging to the chemical group IVA.[1]

Gibeon meteorites are composed of an iron-nickel alloy containing significant amounts of cobalt and phosphorus. The crystal structure of this meteorite provides a classic example of fine octahedrite and the Widmanstätten pattern is appreciated for its beauty both by collectors and designers of jewelry.

See also

References
  1. Meteoritical Bulletin Database: Gibeon
  2. Voigt, Andreas (2004). National Monuments in Namibia: An Inventory of Proclaimed National Monuments in the Republic of Namibia. Gamsberg Macmillan. pp. 1–3. ISBN 9991605932.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.