Gamma Corvi

Gamma Corvi (γ Corvi, abbreviated Gamma Crv, γ Crv) is a binary star and the brightest star in the southern constellation of Corvus, having an apparent visual magnitude of 2.59.[10] The system's two components are designated Gamma Corvi A (officially named Gienah /ˈdʒiːnə/, traditionally the name of the system)[11][12]) and Gamma Corvi B. The distance to this system has been measured directly using the parallax technique, yielding an estimated 154 light-years (47 parsecs) from the Sun.[1]

Gamma Corvi
Location of γ Crv (circled)
Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000
Constellation Corvus
Right ascension 12h 15m 48.37081s[1]
Declination –17° 32′ 30.9496″[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) 2.585[2]
Characteristics
Spectral type B8 III[3]
U−B color index –0.344[2]
B−V color index –0.111[2]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)-4.2[4] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: –158.61[1] mas/yr
Dec.: +21.86[1] mas/yr
Parallax (π)21.23 ± 0.20[1] mas
Distance154 ± 1 ly
(47.1 ± 0.4 pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)−0.79[5]
Details
γ Crv A
Mass4.2+0.4
−0.3[6] M☉
Luminosity331[5] L☉
Rotational velocity (v sin i)30[7] km/s
Age160+40
−30[6] Myr
γ Crv B
Mass0.8[8] M☉
Other designations
4 Corvi, BD–16 3424, FK5 457, HD 106625, HIP 59803, HR 4662, SAO 157176.[9]
Database references
SIMBADdata

Nomenclature

γ Corvi (Latinised to Gamma Corvi) is the system's Bayer designation. The designation of the components – Gamma Corvi A and B – derives from the convention used by the Washington Multiplicity Catalog (WMC) for multiple star systems, and adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU).[13]

Gamma Corvi bore the traditional name of Gienah derived from Arabic, from Ulugh Beg's الجناح الغراب اليمن al-janāħ al-ghirāb al-yaman, meaning "the right wing of the crow", although on modern charts it marks the left wing.[14] The star Epsilon Cygni also bore this traditional name and Gamma Corvi was referred to as Gienah Corvi or Gienah Ghurab to distinguish it from this star in Cygnus.

In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)[15] to catalogue and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN decided to attribute proper names to individual stars rather than entire multiple systems.[16] It approved the name Gienah for the component Gamma Corvi A on 6 November 2016 and Aljanah for Epsilon Cygni Aa on 30 June 2017. They are both now so included in the List of IAU-approved Star Names.[12]

Al-janāħ al-ghirāb al-yaman or Djenah al Ghyrab al Eymen appeared in the catalog of stars in the Calendarium of Al Achsasi Al Mouakket, which was translated into Latin as Dextra ala Corvi.[17]

In Chinese, 軫宿 (Zhěn Sù), meaning Chariot (asterism), refers to an asterism consisting of Gamma Corvi, Epsilon Corvi, Delta Corvi and Beta Corvi.[18] Consequently, Gamma Corvi itself is known as 軫宿一 (Zhěn Sù yī, English: the First Star of Chariot).[19]

Properties

Gamma Corvi A is a giant star with a stellar classification of B8 III[3][2] and has approximately 4.2 times the mass of the Sun.[6] It has a blue-white hue.[20] The spectrum of this star displays an anomalously higher than normal abundance of the elements mercury and manganese, making this a Mercury-manganese star.[21] However, there are other elements that show large over or under abundances.[22] This chemical peculiarity in an otherwise stable stellar atmosphere is most likely caused by separation of the elements through diffusion and gravitational settling.[21]

It has a confirmed stellar companion with a mass of about 0.8 times the Sun's, which may be orbiting at a separation of around 50 AU over a 158-year period.[6] The photometry for Gamma Corvi B suggests a stellar classification in the range K5–M5 V.[8]

References
  1. van Leeuwen, F. (November 2007), "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 474 (2): 653–664, arXiv:0708.1752, Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357, S2CID 18759600
  2. Cousins, A. W. J. (1984), "Standardization of Broadband Photometry of Equatorial Standards", South African Astronomical Observatory Circulars, 8: 59, Bibcode:1984SAAOC...8...59C
  3. Houk, Nancy (1978), "Michigan catalogue of two-dimensional spectral types for the HD stars", Michigan Catalogue of Two-dimensional Spectral Types for the HD Stars. Volume 4, Ann Arbor: Dept. of Astronomy, University of Michigan, 4, Bibcode:1988mcts.book.....H
  4. Wilson, Ralph Elmer (1953), "General Catalogue of Stellar Radial Velocities", Washington, Washington: Carnegie Institution of Washington, Bibcode:1953GCRV..C......0W
  5. Anderson, E.; Francis, Ch. (2012), "XHIP: An extended hipparcos compilation", Astronomy Letters, 38 (5): 331, arXiv:1108.4971, Bibcode:2012AstL...38..331A, doi:10.1134/S1063773712050015, S2CID 119257644.
  6. Janson, Markus; et al. (August 2011), "High-contrast Imaging Search for Planets and Brown Dwarfs around the Most Massive Stars in the Solar Neighborhood", The Astrophysical Journal, 736 (2): 89, arXiv:1105.2577, Bibcode:2011ApJ...736...89J, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/736/2/89, S2CID 119217803
  7. Abt, Helmut A.; Levato, Hugo; Grosso, Monica (July 2002), "Rotational Velocities of B Stars", The Astrophysical Journal, 573 (1): 359–365, Bibcode:2002ApJ...573..359A, doi:10.1086/340590
  8. Roberts, Lewis C. Jr.; Turner, Nils H.; ten Brummelaar, Theo A. (February 2007), "Adaptive Optics Photometry and Astrometry of Binary Stars. II. A Multiplicity Survey of B Stars", The Astronomical Journal, 133 (2): 545–552, Bibcode:2007AJ....133..545R, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.549.4623, doi:10.1086/510335
  9. "gam Crv". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2010-05-02.
  10. Kaler, James B. (Jim) (2004), "Gienah Corvi", Stars, University of Illinois, retrieved 18 March 2015
  11. Kunitzsch, Paul; Smart, Tim (2006). A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations (2nd rev. ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Sky Pub. ISBN 978-1-931559-44-7.
  12. "Naming Stars". IAU.org. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  13. Hessman, F. V.; Dhillon, V. S.; Winget, D. E.; Schreiber, M. R.; Horne, K.; Marsh, T. R.; Guenther, E.; Schwope, A.; Heber, U. (2010). "On the naming convention used for multiple star systems and extrasolar planets". arXiv:1012.0707 [astro-ph.SR].
  14. Allen, Richard Hinckley (1899), "Star-names and their meanings", New York, G.E. Stechert: 182, Bibcode:1899sntm.book.....A
  15. IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN), International Astronomical Union, retrieved 22 May 2016.
  16. "WG Triennial Report (2015-2018) - Star Names" (PDF). p. 5. Retrieved 2018-07-14.
  17. Knobel, E. B. (June 1895), "Al Achsasi Al Mouakket, on a catalogue of stars in the Calendarium of Mohammad Al Achsasi Al Mouakket", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 55 (8): 429, Bibcode:1895MNRAS..55..429K, doi:10.1093/mnras/55.8.429
  18. (in Chinese) 中國星座神話, written by 陳久金. Published by 台灣書房出版有限公司, 2005, ISBN 978-986-7332-25-7.
  19. (in Chinese) 香港太空館 – 研究資源 – 亮星中英對照表 Archived January 30, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, Hong Kong Space Museum. Accessed on line November 23, 2010.
  20. "The Colour of Stars", Australia Telescope, Outreach and Education, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, December 21, 2004, archived from the original on 2012-03-18, retrieved 2012-01-16
  21. Adelman, S. J.; et al. (February 2006), "Elemental abundance analyses with DAO spectrograms. XXIX. The mercury-manganese stars 53 Tau, β Tau, γ Crv, and υ Her", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 447 (2): 685–690, Bibcode:2006A&A...447..685A, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20053581
  22. Fremat, Y.; Houziaux, L. (April 1997), "Elemental abundances in the Hg-Mn star γ Corvi", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 320: 580–585, Bibcode:1997A&A...320..580F
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