Gülbahar Hatun (wife of Bayezid II)

Gülbahar Hatun (Ottoman Turkish: کل بهار خاتون‎; c. 1453 – c. 1505), also known as Ayşe Hatun[5][6] was a consort of Sultan Bayezid II and the mother of Sultan Selim I of the Ottoman Empire and the grandmother of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent.[7]

This article is about the eighth wife of Bayezid II. For the first wife of Mehmed II, see Gülbahar Hatun (wife of Mehmed II).
For other uses, see Gülbahar.
In this Ottoman Turkish style name, the given name is Gülbahar, the title is Hatun, and there is no family name.
Gülbahar Hatun
The tomb of "Gülbahar Hatun" is located inside "Gülbahar Hatun Mosque" in Trabzon
BornAyşe[1][2] or
Gül-Bahar bint-i Abdû's-Samad[3]
c. 1453
Elbistan, Dulkadir Principality
Diedc. 1505 (aged 51–52) [4]
Trabzon, Ottoman Empire
Burial
Gülbahar Hatun Camii, Trabzon
SpouseBayezid II
IssueSelim I
Full name
Turkish: Ayşe Gülbahar Hatun
Ottoman Turkish: عائشه کل بھار خاتون‎
FatherAlaüddevle Bozkurd Bey[2][5] or
Abdû's-Samad[3]
ReligionSunni Islam

Names

One of the oldest references Cenabî History gives her name as Ayşe Hatun. According to Sicill-i Osmanî her name is Gülbahar Hatun, while Alderson gives her name as Ayşe Hatun, as well.[4]

Origins

Gülbahar Hatun and Ayşe Hatun were never different women. The theory of Gülbahar Hatun's origins make her a different woman from Ayşe Hatun as both women had same maiden name, Ayşe in both the origins and were also married in the same year. The theories of her background are:

  • The Ottoman inscription (vakfiye) describes her as Hātun binti Abd-us-Samed (Daughter of Abd-us-Samed),[3] which supports the view that she was a non Muslim who later converted to Islam. Abd-us-Samed, meaning Servant of God, was the anonym that was applied to many Balkan and Anatolian Christians who converted to Islam in the classical Ottoman period.[8][9]
The court of the historical Gül-Bahar Khâtûn Mosque in Trabzon-Turkey, where the grave of the daughter of Alaüddevle Bozkurt Bey of Dulkadirids Ayşe Khâtûn[10] is located at.

The origin described above is also described for Emine Gülbahar Hatun, wife of Mehmed the Conqueror, mother of Sultan Bayezid II and the grandmother of Sultan Selim I. The origin described below is the most acceptable origin of Gülbahar Hatun.

However, according to the Greek historian Constantine Paparrigopoulos, Gülbahar Hatun was a Pontic Greek called Maria, who was the daughter of a priest from Livera village, Maçka district.[13]

Life

Bayezid married her in 1469 at Amasya. When Bayezid was still a şehzade ("Ottoman prince") and the governor of Amasya sanjak when she gave birth to Selim I in 1470. When Mehmed the Conqueror died in 1481, Bayezid moved to Constantinople, the capital of the Ottoman Empire, along with his family to ascend the throne.

According to Turkish tradition, all princes were expected to work as provincial governors (Sanjak-bey) as a part of their training.[14] Mothers of princes were responsible for the proper behaviour of their sons in their provincial posts.[14] In 1495 was sent to Trabzon sanjak and then in 1511 to Samandıra, and Gülbahar accompanied him.

However, she herself never became recognized as a Valide Sultan because she died in 1505 before Selim's accession to the throne. Her tomb is located in Gülbahar Hatun Mosque, Trabzon.[14] It was built in 1514 in honour of his mother and was restored in 1885.

See also

References
  1. Diyanet İslâm Ansiklopedisi: I. Selim, vol: 36, pages: 407.
  2. Necdet Sakaoğlu (2008). Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler. Oğlak publications. p. 136. ISBN 978-975-329-623-6. (The name of the real biological mother of Yavuz Sultan Selim is given as Âişe Hâtun of the Beylik of Dulkadir in İ. H. Danişmend's İzahlı Osmanlı Tarihi Kronolojisi).
  3. Necdet Sakaoğlu (2008). Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler. Oğlak publications. p. 136. ISBN 978-975-329-623-6. (Gülbahar binti Abdüssamed was the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid II's eighth wife who had been sent to join his son Selim I, the governor of Trebizond Eyalet).
  4. Necdet Sakaoğlu (2008). Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler. Oğlak publications. p. 135. ISBN 978-975-329-623-6. (It is disputed if the names of Âisha and Gül-Bahar refers to two different persons, or indicates two different names of the same individual, i.e., the real biological mother of Yavuz Sultan Selim).
  5. Diyanet İslâm Ansiklopedisi, vol: 36, pages: 407–414, 2009 (Âişe Hâtun was the daughter of Alaüddevle Bozkurt Bey)
  6. Bahadıroğlu, Yavuz, Resimli Osmanlı Tarihi, Nesil Yayınları (Ottoman History with Illustrations, Nesil Publications), 15th Ed., 2009, page 157, ISBN 978-975-269-299-2
  7. Ahmed Akgündüz, Said Öztürk (2011). Ottoman History: Misperceptions and Truths. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-90-90-26108-9.
  8. "Consorts Of Ottoman Sultans (in Turkish)". Ottoman Web Page.
  9. Anthony Dolphin Alderson (1956). The Structure of the Ottoman Dynasty. Clarendon Press.
  10. Diyanet İslâm Ansiklopedisi: I. Selim, vol: 36, page: 407. (pdf)
  13. "Yavuz'un annesi Fatih'in annesi gibiydi". btp.org (in Turkish). 21 March 2018.
  14. Leslie P. Peirce (1993). The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire. Oxford University Press. pp. 106–107. ISBN 978-0-19-508677-5.
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