French submarine Iris (1934)

Iris (Q188) was a Minerve-class submarine of the French Navy, commissioned in 1936. The boat was interned in Spain from November 1942, following the scuttling of the French fleet in Toulon, finally returning to service post-war until 1950.

For other ships with the same name, see French ship Iris.

History
France
Name: Iris
Namesake: Iris
Builder: Ateliers et Chantiers Dubigeon, Nantes
Laid down: 1 July 1932
Launched: 23 September 1934
Commissioned: 15 September 1936
Decommissioned: 1 February 1950
Fate: Scrapped
General characteristics [1][2]
Class and type: Minerve-class submarine
Displacement:
  • 662 long tons (673 t) surfaced
  • 856 long tons (870 t) submerged
Length: 68.1 m (223 ft 5 in)
Beam: 5.6 m (18 ft 4 in)
Draught: 4 m (13 ft 1 in)
Propulsion:
  • 2 × Vickers-Normand diesel engines, 1,800 bhp (1,342 kW)
  • 2 × Electric motors, 1,230 shp (917 kW)
Speed:
  • 14.2 knots (26.3 km/h; 16.3 mph) surfaced
  • 9 knots (17 km/h; 10 mph) submerged
Range:
  • 2,000 nmi (3,700 km; 2,300 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) surfaced
  • 85 nmi (157 km; 98 mi) at 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph) submerged
Test depth: 80 m (260 ft)
Complement: 42
Armament:

Service history

The submarine was laid down on 1 July 1932 at the Ateliers et Chantiers Dubigeon shipyard at Nantes, launched on 23 September 1934, and commissioned on 15 September 1936.[3]

On 27 November 1942, following the German occupation of Vichy, the fleet at Toulon were ordered to scuttle their ships, however Iris was one of five submarines (the others were Casabianca, Marsouin, Glorieux), and Vénus that disobeyed and attempted to escape, sailing from the harbour avoiding minefields and circling German Ju 88 bombers. Iris, under the command of Lieutenant de vaisseau Degé, with a skeleton crew of only 17 men,[4] escaped from Toulon harbour and once in the open sea submerged until nightfall, evading the screen of German U-boats stationed there to intercept them, and further out British submarines on the same mission.[5]

Iris sailed to neutral Spain, arriving at Barcelona on the 28th. Under the terms of the 1907 Hague Convention[6] a warship can stay in a neutral port for a maximum of 48 hours or be interned. Degé contacted the French Consul General, who was unable to assist them in procuring any more food and fuel (of which they were desperately short) or gaining any extension to the deadline. After contacting the French Naval Attaché at Madrid the crew of Iris was offered a simple choice; internment or scuttling. They voted for internment. The crew were held at the prison camp at Miranda de Ebro, while a Spanish crew under the supervision of Degé and Enseigne de vaisseau Robert Lagane maintained the submarine.[5]

In January 1943, in order to prevent any escape attempts, the propellers were removed, and in late February Iris was towed to Cartagena.[4]

Finally, on 29 November 1945, Iris returned to France, and remained in service until decommissioned on 1 February 1950.[1]

See also

References
  1. "IRIS". alamer.fr (in French). 2013. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
  2. Gogin, Ivan (2013). "Minerve submarines (1936-1939)". navypedia.org. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
  3. Helgason, Guðmundur (2013). "Iris". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
  4. "Q188 Iris". sous-marin.france.pagesperso-orange.fr. 2008. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
  5. Lagane, Robert (2013). "Un récit du sabordage de la Flotte". netmarine.net (in French). Retrieved 8 March 2013.
  6. "Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers in Naval War (Hague XIII); October 18, 1907". avalon.law.yale.edu. 2013. Retrieved 8 March 2013.


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