Ford Super Duty engine
The Ford Super Duty engine is a range of V8 engines that were manufactured by Ford Motor Company. Introduced in 1958, the Super Duty engines replaced the Lincoln Y-block V8 (alongside the smaller Ford MEL V8 engines).
| Ford Super Duty V8 | |
|---|---|
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Ford Motor Company |
| Production | 1958–1981 |
| Layout | |
| Configuration | 90° V8 |
| Displacement | 401 cu in (6.6 L) 477 cu in (7.8 L) 534 cu in (8.8 L) |
| Cylinder bore |
|
| Piston stroke |
|
| Block material | Cast iron |
| Head material | Cast iron |
| Valvetrain | OHV, 2 valves per cylinder |
| Compression ratio | 7.5:1 |
| Combustion | |
| Turbocharger | Twin-turbo on 534 cu in (8.8 L) marine version |
| Fuel type | Gasoline |
| Cooling system | Water-cooled |
| Output | |
| Power output | 226–266 hp (169–198 kW) |
| Torque output | 350–490 lb⋅ft (475–664 N⋅m) |
| Dimensions | |
| Dry weight | 1,300 lb (590 kg) (marine version) |
| Chronology | |
| Predecessor | Lincoln Y-block |
| Successor | Ford 385 V8 |
By the end of the 1970s, the use of the Super Duty engine began to decline in heavy trucks in favor of diesel-fueled engines; in medium-duty trucks, variants of the similar-displacement (but higher-efficiency) 385-series V8s became more commonly used. In 1981, Ford withdrew the Super Duty engine line.
Through its production, the Super Duty engines were assembled by Ford in its Cleveland Engine Plant #2 in Brook Park, Ohio.[1]
Design
The Super Duty engine is 90-degree overhead-valve V8 with angled piston decks. The cylinder heads are flat and the pistons are crowned to create a wedge-shaped combustion chamber within the cylinder bore; the compression ratio is 7.5:1 for all models. They are typically governed to 3400 rpm.
Three displacements were available during production: 401 cu in (6.6 L), 477 cu in (7.8 L) and 534 cu in (8.8 L); but however large, the 534 was very much smaller than the 1,100-cubic-inch (18.0 L) Ford GAA all aluminum 32 valve DOHC V8 (introduced during WW2), which was the largest displacement gasoline engine ever mass-produced by Ford Motor Company for use in land vehicles.
The 401 has a cylinder bore and a stroke of 4 1⁄8 in × 3 3⁄4 in (104.8 mm × 95.3 mm). The 477 shares the 401's stroke with a larger 4 1⁄2 in (114.3 mm) bore; the 534 has this same bore with a stroke of 4.2 in (106.7 mm).
The early Super Duty has a unique intake system where the intake plenum is connected directly to the cylinder head; all four cylinders pull the air/fuel mixture from a single "log" type port in the head. The engines could "spit" when cold and blow the choke plate out into the air cleaner because of the large port configuration. In later engines this was corrected with a conventional spider-type intake. The exhaust valves are filled with sodium to carry heat from the valve head to the valve spring, which would dissipate it into the oil coming off the rocker arm. (It is more likely that the sodium in the valve stems in these engines carried the heat to the coolant in the cylinder head, not to the valve springs.)
A marine version of the 534, the "Seamaster", was available from the Seamaster Marine Engine Co. starting in the late 1950s. It was available either naturally aspirated or with twin-turbochargers, and had a dry weight of over 1,300 lb (590 kg).[2]
| Name | Configuration | Bore x stroke | Power output | Torque output |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SD-401 | 401 cu in (6.6 L) | 4 1⁄8 in × 3 3⁄4 in (104.8 mm × 95.3 mm) | 226 hp (169 kW) @ 3600 rpm | 350 lb⋅ft (475 N⋅m) @ 2500-3600 rpm |
| SD-477 | 477 cu in (7.8 L) | 4 1⁄2 in × 3 3⁄4 in (114.3 mm × 95.3 mm) | 253 hp (189 kW) @ 3400 rpm | 430 lb⋅ft (583 N⋅m) @ 2500-3000 rpm |
| SD-534 | 534 cu in (8.8 L) | 4 1⁄2 in × 4.2 in (114.3 mm × 106.7 mm) | 266 hp (198 kW) @ 3200 rpm | 490 lb⋅ft (664 N⋅m) @ 1800-2300 rpm |
Applications
The heaviest and highest-displacement V8 engines ever built by Ford, the Super Duty engines were never used in automobiles; its debut in medium and heavy trucks marked the renaming of Ford F-Series "Big Job" conventionals after the engine. Slotted above the 330, 361, and 391 FT V8s used in the medium-duty F-Series (F-500 to F-700 and B-series), the Super Duty was used in heavy-duty trucks, including the F-800, F-900 "Super Duty" conventionals.
Outside of the F-Series, the Super Duty engine was used in several model ranges of Ford heavy trucks, including:
- Ford C-Series low-cab COE
- Ford N-Series short-hood Class 8 conventional (replacement for F-Series conventional)
- Ford H-Series (Class 8 COE; "Two Story Falcon" variant of C-Series)
- Ford L-Series (Class 7-8 conventional)
See also
References
- History of Cleveland Manufacturing Plant, Ford Motor Co. via Allfordmustangs.com, Nov 5, 2004, retrieved 2018-09-08
- "Seamaster 534 engine specifications". Osco Motors. Retrieved 2018-09-08.
