Flag of Eritrea

The national flag of Eritrea (Tigrinya: ሃገራዊት ባንዴራ ኤርትራ, Arabic: علم الوطني ارتريا‎) was adopted on December 5, 1995.[1] The flag combines the basic layout and colors from the flag of the Eritrean People's Liberation Front with an emblem of a wreath with the upright olive-branch derived from the 1952 –1962 flag. The green color in the flag stands for the agriculture and livestock of the country, the blue represents the bounty of the sea, and the red stands for the blood shed in the struggle for Eritrean independence with the 30 leaves in the wreath representing the thirty years spent in the struggle.[2][3]

Eritrea
UseNational flag and ensign
Proportion1:2
Designa red isosceles triangle based on the hoist-side pointed toward the fly-side and then divided into two right triangles: the upper triangle is green and the lower triangle is blue with an Emblem (1952-1962) in gold (a vertical olive branch encircled by an olive wreath) centered on the hoist side of the triangle

History and symbolism

Eritrea and Ethiopia were both occupied by the Italians between 1935-1941. Before the Second World War, Eritrea was more developed and prosperous than Ethiopia. After Italy's defeat in the war, Ethiopia reverted to its pre-Italian feudal monarchy while Eritrea was given over to modern British rule under a mandate by the United Nations in 1949. The advent of Arab nationalism in the 1940s saw the Muslim part of Eritrea demand independence from British rule. Meanwhile, Ethiopia tried to claim the Eritrean state as its own by calling it a "lost province". Several officers proposed that Eritrea be separated into two parts: the Christian area to be merged to Ethiopia; the Muslim area to Sudan. After international debate and the intervention of the Allied Powers, the United States passed a resolution with the agreement of Britain formulating the creation of an autonomous Eritrea in federation with Ethiopia in 1950.[4]

On September 15, 1952, Eritrea became independent from British rule[5] and was made an autonomous part of Ethiopia. Since the United Nations had helped the country obtain independence from British rule, the 1952 Eritrean flag was designed with a light blue background to honour the organisation's assistance. The flag at that time had an olive wreath in the centre, symbolising peace. The wreath encircled a six-leafed plant which represented the six administrative divisions of Eritrea.[6]

After civil war broke out in Eritrea in 1961,[7] Ethiopian emperor Haile Selassie banned the Eritrean flag, coat of arms, and all other government seals from public places. He annexed Eritrea in 1962 with the approval of the United Nations.[4]

The Eritrean People's Liberation Front fought for the country's independence, and in January 1977, the party adopted its own official flag. The current flag of Eritrea bears resemblance to the party's official flag.[8] The flag had three triangles: red, blue, and green. The yellow star in the red triangle symbolised the country's rich mineral resources, with the five points representing unity, liberation, justice, democracy, and progress.[9] After Eritrea was proclaimed an independent nation, the flag was modified and its first official hoisting was performed on May 24, 1993.[8] In the red triangle, a gold wreath symbol with 14 leaves on each side, derived from the 1952 flag, replaced the gold star of the Eritrean People's Liberation Front's flag. In 1995 the number of leaves in the wreath were standardised: the 30 leaves symbolise the number of years spent in civil war before achieving independence. The flag's length to breadth ratio was changed from 2:3 to 1:2.[8]

The official currency of Eritrea's Nakfa coins issued in 1997 featured six native animals; on the reverse the coins showed a group of Eritrean People's Liberation Front's fighters raising the national flag and the slogan "Liberty, Equality and Justice" in English language.[10]

Description

The flag of Eritrea is dominated by a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist-side pointed toward the fly-side and then divided into two right triangles. The upper triangle is green and the lower triangle is blue with a yellow vertical olive branch encircled by an olive wreath centered on the hoist side of the triangle. The shape of the red triangle broadly mimics the shape of the country.[11] The green stands for the agriculture and livestock of the country, blue for the bounty of the sea, and red for the blood shed in the struggle for independence with the 30 leaves in the wreath corresponding to the thirty years spent in the struggle.[8] The flag has proportions of 1:2.

/
(1993–present)		 Green Red Blue Gold
Pantone 354c 185c 279c 107c
CMYK 90-0-75-32 0-98-76-8 71-38-0-13 0-22-87-0
RGB 18-173-43 234-4-55 65-137-221 255-200-33
Hexadecimal #12AD2B #EA0437 #4189DD #FFC726

Historical flags
  • Flag from 1952 to 1962 (2:3 Ratio)
  • Flag from 1993 to 1995 (2:3 Ratio)
  • Standard of the President of State (1:2)
  • Flag of the EPLF
  • Flag since 1995 (1:2 Ratio)

References
  1. "National Flag of Eritrea". Worldflags. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
  2. "The High Hoisted Banner Of Pride And Glory". www.shabait.com. Retrieved 2020-03-23.
  3. "Flag of Eritrea". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2020-03-23.
  4. Minahan 2013, p. 80.
  5. Murtaza 1998, p. 73.
  6. Connell & Killion 2010, p. 258.
  7. The Diagram Group (2013). Encyclopedia of African Peoples. Routledge. p. 234. ISBN 978-1-135-96334-7.
  8. Smith, Whitney (20 June 2014). "Flag of Eritrea". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
  9. Crampton, William (1989). The Complete Guide to Flags (p.132). Kingfisher Books. ISBN 0 86272 466 X
  10. Connell & Killion 2010, p. 389.
  11. "Africa :: Eritrea — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Retrieved 2020-03-23.

Sources
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