Exhibition of the centenary of the opening of the Ports of Brazil

The national commemorative Exhibition of the centenary of the opening of the Ports of Brazil, also known as Brazilian National Exposition of 1908 or the National Exposition of Brazil at Rio de Janeiro, marked a hundred years since the opening of the Brazilian ports acelebrated Brazil's trade and development.[3] It opened in Urca, Rio de Janeiro on 11 August,[4] stayed open for 3 months and received over 1 million visitors.[3]

Exposição Nacional
Diploma from the exhibition awarded to José Mentor Guilherme de Mello
Overview
BIE-classUnrecognized exposition
NameExposição Nacional
BuildingThe pavilion of states building, now Museum of Earth Sciences
Area182,000 square metres (18.2 ha)
VisitorsMore than 1 million paying
Organized byAntônio Olinto dos Santos Pires, director[1] and Augusto Ramos general co-ordinator[2]
Participant(s)
Countries2
Location
CountryBrazil
CityRio de Janeiro
VenueUrca
Coordinates22°57′11″S 43°10′05″W
Timeline
Opening11 August 1908
Closure15 November 1908

Location

The 41 person executive committee considered several locations in Rio de Janeiro, before selecting a 182,000 m2 site between Praia da Saudade and Praia Vermelha in Urca.[5]

Opening

The fair was opened (a month later than planned)[6] by President of Brazil Afonso Pena.[7] The main entrance was through a hundred foot high[8] illuminated gateway designed by René Barba.[5] On arrival, the president was escorted from Catete Palace to the opening gate by lancers from the 9th cavalry, and then escorted by the exhibition's commissioners to the central palace while canons were fired and the national hymn was played.[7]

Pavilions

There were pavilions from Brazilian states of Bahia, São Paulo, Santa Catarina, Minas Gerais, and the Federal District of Brazil, along with a Portugal pavilion and ones for industry, Post and Telegraph, the Fire Department, a theater[3] and a music pavilion.[9]

Bahaia state pavilion
Bahia state pavilion

The Bahia state pavilion, which occupied 54,359 square feet[6] was designed by Italian architect Rafael Rebecchi.[10] Its displays included artwork by Jose Rodrigues Nunes, Bento Capinam, Macario, and Victor Meirelles, and its external sculpture was by Rodolfo Bernardelli.[10]

Minas Geraes state pavilion
Minas Geraes state pavilion

The Minas Geraes was also designed by Rafael Rebecchi. It had interior murals by Crispim do Amaral including a series personifying agriculture, mineralogy, manufactures and the liberal arts. Exhibits included aspects of gold and diamond mining including a small quartz crushing machine and gold-washing machinery with washers and miners demonstrating the processes involved. [11]

São Paulo state pavilion
São Paulo state pavilion

The São Paulo state pavilion was designed by Ramos de Azevedo.[12] Its commissioners were Carlos Botelho and Antonio Barros Barreto, and it covered about twenty thousand square feet.[13]

Portugal pavilion
The Neo-Manueline style Portuguese pavilion

The Portugal pavilion building was provided by Brazil, designed by Francisco Isidro Monteiro, was inspired by the southern face of the Jerónimos Monastery.[14]

Industry pavilion
Postcard showing the industry pavilion

A military college on the site was converted to the industry pavilion for the expo (and afterwards was used by the 3rd infantry regiment).[15]

States pavilion
The States pavilion

This permanent building built for the exhibition, and is now the Museum of Earth Sciences.[16][17]

Bangu textiles factory building
The Bangu factory building

The Bangu textiles factory (Fábrica de Tecidos Bangu) displayed its own woven materials.[18]

Music pavilion
Music pavilion

The music pavilion was designed by Jorge Lossio, decorated by Benedito Calixto and intended to have an Egyptian appearance.[9]

Other contents

There was a skating rink,[9] a Botanical Garden, fountains, gardens and a small railroad for the public.[3]

Botanic garden

The botanic garden was stocked by the Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden and contained Brazilian flora, including palms, orchids and Amazon parasites, the Victoria Regia, Laelias, Sophonites, Epidendrums and hundreds of roses. It included a conservatory, lay between the Bahia and Santa Catharina pavilions and received 1000 visitors a day.[19]

Postcard showing the botanic garden in the foreground

See also

References
  1. Wright, Marie. The Brazilian national exposition of 1908 in celebration of the centenary of the opening of Brazilian ports to the commerce of the world by the Prince Regent Dom João VI. of Portugal, in 1808. Philadelphia, G. Barrie & sons. p. 32.
  2. "The cable car | Bondinho - Sugarloaf". Archived from the original on 7 September 2014. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
  3. "Exposição Nacional de 1908 na Urca | Alberto de Sampaio" (in Portuguese). Retrieved 29 September 2017.
  4. Wright, Marie. The Brazilian national exposition of 1908 in celebration of the centenary of the opening of Brazilian ports to the commerce of the world by the Prince Regent Dom João VI. of Portugal, in 1808. Philadelphia, G. Barrie & sons.
  5. Delacerda, André; Fagundes, Diogo (22 April 2015). "Rio Antigo: Exposição Nacional de 1908 na Urca | Cidade do Rio" (in Portuguese). Retrieved 10 October 2017.
  6. Ward, Robert (February 1909). "THE NATIONAL EXPOSITION AT RIO DE JANEIRO". The Popular Science Monthly. Harvard University.
  7. Wright, Marie. The Brazilian national exposition of 1908 in celebration of the centenary of the opening of Brazilian ports to the commerce of the world by the Prince Regent Dom João VI. of Portugal, in 1808. Philadelphia, G. Barrie & sons. p. 30.
  8. Wright, Marie. The Brazilian national exposition of 1908 in celebration of the centenary of the opening of Brazilian ports to the commerce of the world by the Prince Regent Dom João VI. of Portugal, in 1808. Philadelphia, G. Barrie & sons. pp. 23–24.
  9. Ramos, Renato (2011). "O Pavilhão da Música da Exposição Nacional de 1908" (in Portuguese): 199–209. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  10. Wright, Marie. The Brazilian national exposition of 1908 in celebration of the centenary of the opening of Brazilian ports to the commerce of the world by the Prince Regent Dom João VI. of Portugal, in 1808. Philadelphia, G. Barrie & sons. pp. 136–140.
  11. Wright, Marie. The Brazilian national exposition of 1908 in celebration of the centenary of the opening of Brazilian ports to the commerce of the world by the Prince Regent Dom João VI. of Portugal, in 1808. Philadelphia, G. Barrie & sons. pp. 130–136.
  12. Wright, Marie. The Brazilian national exposition of 1908 in celebration of the centenary of the opening of Brazilian ports to the commerce of the world by the Prince Regent Dom João VI. of Portugal, in 1808. Philadelphia, G. Barrie & sons. p. 51.
  13. Wright, Marie. The Brazilian national exposition of 1908 in celebration of the centenary of the opening of Brazilian ports to the commerce of the world by the Prince Regent Dom João VI. of Portugal, in 1808. Philadelphia, G. Barrie & sons. p. 123.
  14. Rodrigues, Paulo (2012). "THE SCIENCE OF ARCHITECTURE REPRESENTATIONS OF PORTUGUESE NATIONAL ARCHITECTURE IN THE 19TH CENTURY WORLD EXHIBITIONS: ARCHETYPES, MODELS AND IMAGES". Quaderns d'Història de l'Enginyeria. 13.
  15. "Curiosidades Cariocas: Exposição 1908 - Palácio das Indústrias" (in Portuguese). Retrieved 15 October 2017.
  16. "Curiosidades Cariocas: Expo 1908 (Palácio dos Estados)" (in Portuguese). Retrieved 15 October 2017.
  17. "21st World Congress of Soil Science (WCSS)". Retrieved 28 November 2017.
  18. Wright, Marie. The Brazilian national exposition of 1908 in celebration of the centenary of the opening of Brazilian ports to the commerce of the world by the Prince Regent Dom João VI. of Portugal, in 1808. Philadelphia, G. Barrie & sons. pp. 160–161.
  19. Wright, Marie. The Brazilian national exposition of 1908 in celebration of the centenary of the opening of Brazilian ports to the commerce of the world by the Prince Regent Dom João VI. of Portugal, in 1808. Philadelphia, G. Barrie & sons. pp. 147–150.

Further reading
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