Euphemia of Sweden

Euphemia of Sweden (Swedish: Eufemia Eriksdotter; 1317 – 16 June 1370) was a Swedish princess. She was Duchess consort of Mecklenburg, heiress of Sweden and of Norway, and mother of King Albert of Sweden. (c. 1338-1412) . [1]

Euphemia of Sweden
Duchess consort of Mecklenburg
Coat of arms of the Bielbo Dynasty of Sweden
Born1317
Died16 June 1370 (aged 52–53)
SpouseAlbert II, Duke of Mecklenburg
IssueHenry III, Duke of Mecklenburg
Albert, King of Sweden
Magnus I, Duke of Mecklenburg
Ingeborg, Duchess of Bavaria, Countess of Holstein-Rendsburg
Anna of Mecklenburg
HouseHouse of Bjelbo
FatherEric, Duke of Södermanland
MotherIngeborg of Norway

Biography

Early life

Euphemia was born in 1317 to Eric Magnusson (b. c. 1282-1318), Duke of Södermanland, second son of King Magnus I of Sweden, and Princess Ingeborg of Norway (1300–1360), the heiress and the only legitimate daughter of King Haakon V of Norway (1270– 1319).[2]

In 1319, her infant elder brother Magnus VII of Norway (1316–1374) succeeded their maternal grandfather to the throne of Norway. That same year, Swedish nobles exiled their uncle, King Birger of Sweden, after which the infant Magnus was elected King of Sweden. Their mother Ingeborg had a seat in the guardian government as well as the position of an independent ruler of her own fiefs, and played an important part during their childhood and adolescence.[3]

The 24 July 1321 marriage contract for Euphemia was signed at Bohus in her mother's fief in Bohuslän. Her mother had plans to take control over Danish Scania, next to her duchy. The marriage was arranged with the terms that Mecklenburg, Saxony, Holstein, Rendsburg and Schleswig would assist Ingeborg in the conquest of Scania. This was approved by the council of Norway but not Sweden. When Ingeborg's forces under command of Knut Porse of Varberg, invaded Scania in 1322–23, Mecklenburg betrayed her and the alliance was broken. Eventually, the affair of Euphemia's marriage led to a conflict between Ingeborg and the governments of Sweden and Norway, which led to the demise of Ingeborg's political position in the guardian governments. The marriage took place anyway, after a fifteen-year engagement. Euphemia did not lack influence in Sweden. She is known to have acted as the witness of seals in several documents. In 1335, when King Magnus appointed Nils Abjörnsson (Sparre av Tofta) to drots, the condition that Euphemia would act as his adviser was included in his appointment.

Duchess of Mecklenburg

Euphemia was married in Rostock on April 10, 1336, to her distant kinsman, Albert II, Duke of Mecklenburg (1318 – 2 February 1379), a North-German lord deeply interested in obtaining some power in Scandinavia. Later the same year, the couple returned to Sweden with Rudolf of Saxony and Henry of Holstein to be present at the coronation of her brother and sister-in-law Blanche of Namur. In Germany, Euphemia's life as a Duchess consort of Mecklenburg does not appear to have affected her status in Sweden, as she was still a political factor there and her name was still placed on various documents. She was the mistress of a very expensive ducal court. In 1340–41, she convinced Magnus to grant renewed trading privileges in Norway to the Hanseatic cities of Mecklenburg, Rostock and Wismar. On 15 April 1357, she granted her the estates Hammar and Farthses to Skänninge Abbey following the deaths of her half-brothers Haakon and Canute in 1350. She wa slast confirmed alive 27 October 1363, when she gave up the ownership of her dower estate in Mecklenburg. Her death year is not known, but she is confirmed dead 16 June 1370, when her widower made a vicaria to her memory. Euphemia lived to see her own second son depose her brother from the Swedish throne, and ascend as King Albert of Sweden in 1364.[4]

Issue

At the time of her death, she had five surviving children:

Ancestry

References
  1. "Eufemia Eriksdotter". Svenskt biografiskt lexikon. Retrieved August 1, 2020.
  2. "Erik Magnusson". Norsk Biografisk Leksikon. Retrieved August 1, 2020.
  3. "Magnus Eriksson". Svenskt biografiskt lexikon. Retrieved August 1, 2020.
  4. "Albrekt av Mecklenburg". Biografiskt lexikon för Finland. Retrieved August 1, 2020.

Other sources
  • Nordberg, Michael (1995). I kung Magnus tid. Norstedts. ISBN 9119521227.
  • Eufemia Eriksdotter, urn:sbl:15533, Svenskt biografiskt lexikon (art av Allan Mohlin. Art. stilistiskt bearbetad av redaktionen.), hämtad 2013-10-24.
  • Åke Ohlmarks (1973) Alla Sveriges drottningar (Stockholm : Geber) ISBN 9120040105
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