Ethel Hedgeman Lyle

Ethel Hedgeman Lyle (born Ethel Hedgeman, February 10, 1887 - November 28, 1950) was a Founder of the Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority (ΑΚΑ) at Howard University in 1908. It was the first sorority founded by African-American college women. Lyle is often referred to as the "Guiding Light" for the organization.

Ethel Hedgeman Lyle
Ethel Hedgeman Lyle, original founder of Alpha Kappa Alpha
Born(1887-02-10)February 10, 1887
St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.
DiedNovember 28, 1950(1950-11-28) (aged 63)
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Alma materHoward University (BA)

Lyle had a forty-year career as an educator and was active in public life. She was National Treasurer of the sorority for more than twenty years. Ethel Hedgeman Lyle chartered (established) and was the first president of Omega Omega, its first alumnae chapter in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Lyle also founded the West Philadelphia chapter of the League of Women Voters and the Mothers Club in the city. In 2000, the Ethel Hedgeman Lyle Academy, a charter school in St. Louis, Missouri, was founded in her honor.

All these activities helped create social capital in the city in a time of rapid growth and population changes. Lyle demonstrated in her committed life how African-American sororities supported women "to create spheres of influence, authority and power within institutions that traditionally have allowed African Americans and women little formal authority and real power."[1]

Early life

Ethel Hedgeman was born in 1887 in St. Louis, Missouri.[2] Throughout her elementary and high school career, Hedgeman attended public schools in St. Louis. In 1904, Hedgeman graduated from Sumner High School with honors. She gained a scholarship to Howard University, considered the top among historically black colleges. Hedgeman demonstrated her ambition and abilities by the scholarship to Howard at a time when only one in three hundred African Americans and 5% of whites of eligible age attended any college.[3]

In 1904, Hedgeman entered Howard University. However, due to illness in her sophomore year, Hedgeman had to take a break from her studies. Throughout college, she belonged to Howard's choir, YWCA, and the Christian Endeavor, as well as participating in drama plays. She was described as lively and charming, despite her delicate health.[4]

Career

Alpha Kappa Alpha

Throughout the fall of 1907, Hedgeman was instrumental in founding Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority Incorporated, America's first Greek-letter organization established by Black college women. Hedgeman was inspired by the accounts of Tremaine Robinson, a faculty member at Howard who shared her sorority experiences at Brown University.[5][6] Hedgeman was also aided in her efforts by her friend George Lyle, whom she had dated since high school. He was a charter member the Beta chapter of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity at Howard in 1907.[7] To establish a sorority, Hedgeman began recruiting interested classmates during the summer of 1907.[8] Together, the nine classmates founded Alpha Kappa Alpha on January 15, 1908.[9] Hedgeman served as vice-president of the sorority, since she was a junior, and designed the insignia for the sorority.[10] Starting in the 1920s, as national treasurer of Alpha Kappa Alpha for more than 20 years, Lyle (by then married) continued to guide the sorority and its growth.

Education

After graduating in 1909 with a Bachelor of Arts in liberal arts, Hedgeman moved to Eufaula, Oklahoma for her first job as a teacher.[4] She taught music in Sumner Normal School between 1909 and 1910. She was the first African-American female college graduate to teach in a normal school in Oklahoma and the first to earn a Teacher's Life Certificate from the Oklahoma State Department of Education.[4] In 1910, Hedgeman moved to Centralia, Illinois, where she also taught in public schools.[4]

On June 21, 1911, Ethel Hedgeman married George Lyle, whom she had dated in high school and college.[4] They moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where Ethel gave birth to George, III, her only child.[4] George Lyle also worked as a teacher, considered by both to be a critical profession for the future of African Americans.

Ethel continued her education career in Philadelphia by teaching English at the Thomas Purham School and Chester A. Arthur School.[4] She retired in 1948, after almost forty years of teaching generations of students.[9]

In addition to her work as an educator, Lyle was active in public life. She helped found civic institutions such as the West Philadelphia League of Women Voters and the Mother's Club of the city. In addition Lyle was a member of the Republican Women's Committee of Ward 40 and active in her church.[4]

As national treasurer of Alpha Kappa Alpha from 1923 to 1946, Lyle helped lead the sorority through years of rapid social change, including the Great Migration of more than a million African Americans from the South to the North, the Depression and challenges of World War II.[9] In Philadelphia, in 1926 she chartered and was the first president of Omega Omega, the first alumnae chapter of Alpha Kappa Alpha in Philadelphia. (Eighty years old and with 400 members in the 21st century, the Omega Omega chapter continues to provide services to women and children in the city.)[9][11]

Lyle's leadership skills were called on in 1937, when the Mayor of Philadelphia appointed her to chair the Committee of 100 Women, organized to plan the Sesquicentennial Anniversary of the Adoption of the U.S. Constitution.[4][9]

Death

On November 28, 1950, Lyle died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.[12]

Honors

The spirit of AKA hovering over us and our little deeds and acts—smoothing here, covering there, broadening younger, and making us do our best to think, to act, up to the highest in us. It is a force bigger than we are, stronger than we are, and it compels us to climb to the heights where it dwells.

— Ethel Hedgeman Lyle, [13]

Lyle received many accolades for her achievements. In honor of her role as founder of AKA, in 1926 Alpha Kappa Alpha designated her Honorary Basileus, the only member with that title.[9] In 1951, the sorority established the Ethel Hedgeman Lyle Endowment Fund.[9] In 1994 Lyle's granddaughters, Andrea and Muriel, were inducted as honorary members of Alpha Kappa Alpha.[9] In 2018, Lyle’s great-great granddaughter, Chantél Harris, was inducted as an honorary member of Alpha Kappa Alpha.

In Lyle's birthplace of St. Louis, members of Omicron Theta Omega chapter of Alpha Kappa Alpha, set up a charter school, named Ethel Hedgeman Lyle Academy in her honor. It has expanded since 2000 to cover grades K-10 (as of 2005), serving several hundred children.[14]

References
  1. Tamara L. Brown, Gregory Parks, Clarenda M. Phillips, African American Fraternities and Sororities: The Legacy and the Vision. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2005. p. 342.
  2. "Founders" (PDF). Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Incorporated. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-05-14.
  3. James D. Anderson, The Education of Blacks in the South, 1860–1935. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina, 1988, p. 245.
  4. "A Visionary Woman": Ethel Hedgeman Lyle Accessed November 18, 2007. Archived October 8, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  5. Lawrence C. Ross, Jr., The Divine Nine: The History of African-American Fraternities and Sororities.New York: Kensington Publishing Corporation, 2001, p. 166.
  6. Giddings, Paula (1988). In Search of Sisterhood: Delta Sigma Theta and the Challenge of the Black Sorority Movement. New York, New York: HarperCollins Publishers. p. 44. ISBN 0-688-13509-9.
  7. Mason, Herman "Skip" (1999-04-16). "The ties that bind". skipmason.com. Retrieved 2006-05-09.
  8. McNealey 2006, op. cit., p. 19.
  9. McNealey 2006, op. cit., p. 37.
  10. McNealey 2006, op. cit., p. 21.
  11. Omega Omega Chapter of Alpha Kappa Alpha accessed 8 December 2007
  12. "Ethel Hedgeman Lyle." Beta Upsilon Chapter of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Incorporated Accessed on June 7, 2007.
  13. McNealey 2006, op. cit., p. 39.
  14. Ethel Hedgeman Lyle Academy Archived 2007-10-10 at the Wayback Machine Accessed June 7, 2007.
  • McNealey, Earnestine G. (2006). Pearls of Service: The Legacy of America's First Black Sorority, Alpha Kappa Alpha. Chicago: Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Incorporated. LCCN 2006928528.
  • Anderson, James D. (1988). The Education of Blacks in the South, 1860–1935. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
  • Ross, Lawrence C., Jr. (2001). The Divine Nine:The History of African-American Fraternities and Sororities. New York: Kensington.
  • Phillips, Clarenda M. (2005). African American Fraternities and Sororities: The Legacy and the Vision. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.
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