Erivan Governorate

Erivan Governorate (Old Russian: Эриванская губернія; Armenian: Երևանի նահանգ) was one of the guberniyas of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire, with its centre in Erivan (present-day Yerevan). Its area was 27,830 sq. kilometres.[1] It roughly corresponded to what is now most of central Armenia, the Iğdır Province of Turkey, and the Nakhichevan exclave of Azerbaijan. At the end of the 19th century, it bordered the Tiflis Governorate to the north, the Elisabethpol Governorate to the east, the Kars Oblast to the west, and Persia and the Ottoman Empire to the south.

Erivan Governorate

Эриванская губерния
Coat of arms
CountryRussia
Political statusGovernorate
RegionCaucasus
Established1850
Abolished1917
Area
 • Total31,672 km2 (12,229 sq mi)
Population
 (1897)
 • Total829,556
 • Density26/km2 (68/sq mi)

In 1828, the khanates of Erivan and the Nakhichevan were annexed from Persia by the Russian Empire in accordance with the Treaty of Turkmenchay. They were included into a single administrative unit named the Armenian Oblast. In 1850 the oblast was reorganized into a governorate, and by 1872, it consisted of seven uyezds. Louis Joseph Jérôme Napoléon (1864–1932), grandnephew of Napoleon I, was made governor in 1905 to help calm the governorate after the Armenian-Tatar conflicts.[2]

Administrative division

Until 1872, the various districts of the Erivan Governorate were still referred to by their Persian designation mahal ("small district").[3] After 1872, the Russians split the Erivan Governorate into seven uyezds ("large districts").[3] The seven uyezds were: Erivan, Echmiadzin, Surmalu, Nakhichevan, Alexandropol, Sharur-Daralagez (Daralagöz) and Novo-Bayazet.[3] Novo-Bayazet was the largest uyezd of the governorate, whereas that of Sharur-Daralagez was the smallest.[3]

From the 1897 Russian Empire Census:

№ Uyezd Administrative center Area, km2 Population (1897)
1 Aleksandropol Aleksandropol 3,759.8 168,435
2 Nakhichevan Nakhichevan 3,858.8 86,878
3 Novo-Bayazet Novo-Bayazet 6,123.8 112,111
4 Surmali Igdyr 3,245.0 88,844
5 Sharur-Daralagyoz Bash-Norashen 2,972.3 76,551
6 Erivan Erivan 3,032.0 127,072
7 Echmiadzin Vagharshapat 3,858.0 124,643

Demographics[4]

According to the Russian census of 1897, the Erivan Governorate had 829,556 inhabitants.[5] 53.2% of the governorate's population were Armenians, 37.8% were Tatars (modern Azerbaijanis).[6] The Azerbaijanis were in a majority in the Erivan, Nakhichevan, Sharur-Daralagyoz, and Surmali districts; the other three uyezds were predominantly Armenian. Other ethnic minorities included Kurds (8.4%), Russians (2.1%), as well as smaller numbers of Assyrians, Greeks, Georgians, Jews, Poles, and Gypsies.[5]

Ethnic groups in 1897[7]

Ethnic groups in Erivan Governorate according to 1897 Russian census.[8]

Uyezd Armenians Tatars Kurds Russians Assyrians
TOTAL 53.2% 37.8% 6.0% 1.6% ...
Aleksandropol 85.5% 4.7% 3.0% 3.4% ...
Nakhichevan 34.4% 63.7% ... ... ...
Novo-Bayazet 66.3% 28.3% 2.4% 2.2% ...
Surmali 30.4% 46.5% 21.4% ... ...
Sharur-Daralagyoz 27.1% 67.4% 4.9% ... ...
Erivan 38.5% 51.4% 5.4% 2.0% 1.5%
Echmiadzin 62.4% 29.0% 7.8% ... ...

Governors

List of the governors of Erivan Governorate.[9]

  • 1849 - 1859 Ivan Nazarov
  • 1860 - 1862 Mikhail Astafev
  • 1862 - 1863 Nikolai Kolyubakin
  • 1863 - 1865 Aleksey Kharitonov
  • 1869 - 1873 Nikolai Karmalin
  • 1873 - 1880 Mikhail Roslavlev
  • March 22, 1880 - December 22, 1890 Mikhail Shalikov
  • February 2, 1891 - November 16, 1895 Alexander Frese
  • February 20, 1896 - 1916 Vladimir Tiesenhausen
  • 1905 Louis Joseph Jérôme Napoléon
  • 1905 - 1906 Maksud Alikhanov-Avarskiy
  • 1916 - 1917 Arkady Strelbitskiy
  • March 14, 1917 - November 1917 V.A. Kharlamov
  • November 1917 Avetis Agaryan
  • 1917-1917 Sokrat Tyurosyan

See also

References
  1. Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopædia. Erivan Governorate
  2. "La Famille impériale" (in French). Archived from the original on 2008-03-13. Retrieved 2008-07-21.
  3. Bournoutian, George (2018). Armenia and Imperial Decline: The Yerevan Province, 1900-1914. Routledge. p. 15.
  4. <http://gatchina3000.ru/brockhaus-and-efron-encyclopedic-dictionary/119/119474.htm>
  5. Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopædia. Erivan Governorate – additional information to the article
  6. Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary: Erivan Governorate
  7. http://gatchina3000.ru/brockhaus-and-efron-encyclopedic-dictionary/119/119474.htm
  8. Демоскоп Weekly - Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи 1897 г. Распределение населения по родному языку и уездам. Российской Империи кроме губерний Европейской России
  9. РЕСПУБЛИКА АРМЕНИЯ Archived 2009-10-06 at the Wayback Machine

Further reading

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