Erasmus Darwin Leavitt Jr.

Erasmus Darwin Leavitt Jr. (October 27, 1836 – March 11, 1916), also known as E. D. Leavitt, was a noted American mechanical engineer best known for his steam engine designs.

Erasmus Darwin Leavitt Jr.
BornOctober 27, 1836
DiedMarch 11, 1916

Life and work

Leavitt was born in Lowell, Massachusetts to Erasmus Darwin Leavitt Sr., a native of Cornish, New Hampshire, and Almina (Fay) Leavitt. He graduated from local schools at age 16, and performed a 3-year apprenticeship at the Lowell Manufacturing Company.[1]

After his apprenticeship Leavitt worked for one year at the engineering firm of Corliss & Nightingale in Providence, Rhode Island before returning to Boston, where he became assistant foreman for Harrison Loring. In this role he designed the steam engine for the USS Hartford. From 1859–61 he again worked in Providence, this time as chief draftsman for Thurston, Gardner & Company, builders of steam engines.

During the Civil War, Leavitt first served aboard the USS Sagamore, then in construction roles in Baltimore, Boston, and Brooklyn, and ultimately as an instructor in steam engineering at the United States Naval Academy. In 1867 he resigned his teaching post to become a consulting engineer.

Leavitt was a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and a founding member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, for which he served as Vice President from 1881–82, and President in 1883. In 1884 he received the first honorary doctorate of engineering degree granted by the Stevens Institute of Technology.

Leavitt was a resident of Cambridge, Massachusetts.[2] He and his wife, the former Elizabeth Pettit, daughter of Philadelphia locomotive designer William Pettit, had five children: Mary Alford; Hart Hooker; Margaret Almira; Harriet Sherman; and Annie Louise.[3] The astronomer Henrietta Swan Leavitt was his niece.

Work
Chestnut Hill, Mass., Pumping Station.
Leavitt-Riedler Pumping Engine designed by Leavitt at Chestnut Hill high-service pumping station

Leavitt [4] first achieved professional prominence in 1873 for his design of a novel pumping engine. From 1874–1904 he served as consulting engineer for the Calumet and Hecla Mining Company, where he designed more than 40 types of engines for a variety of uses for the company's Michigan mines. Each huge stationary steam engine was named, much like a steam locomotive or ship, with names including the Arcadia, Chippewa, Frontenac, Mackinac, Marquette, and Superior.

He also designed steam-powered water pumps for various municipal water systems, including those of Louisville, Kentucky and Boston, and the power source for a hydraulic forge at the Bethlehem Steel Company.

Patents

Further reading
  • Carol Poh Miller, Landmarks in Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University Press, pages 16–17. ISBN 1-55753-093-9.

References
  1. Publications, Vol. IX, Proceedings, Cambridge Historical Society, January 27, 1914-October 27, 1914, Published by the Society, Cambridge, Mass., 1915
  2. A History of Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1630–1916, Samuel Atkins Eliot, Cambridge Tribune, Cambridge, 1913
  3. History of Middlesex County, and Biographical Sketches, Vol. I, Duane Hamilton Hurd, J. W. Lewis & Co., Philadelphia, 1890
  4. Curiously, there was an Edward Levett Darwin, born in 1821 in Derbyshire, England, who was the grandson of Erasmus Darwin.
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