Elizabethkingia anophelis

Elizabethkingia anophelis is a bacterium isolated from the midgut of Anopheles gambiae G3 mosquitoes reared in captivity.[1][2] The genus Elizabethkingia, named for former US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) microbiologist Elizabeth O. King,[3] also includes E. meningoseptica which causes neonatal sepsis and infections in immunocompromised persons, E. endophytica, and E. miricola.

Elizabethkingia anophelis
Scientific classification
Domain:
Bacteria
Phylum:
Bacteroidetes
Class:
Flavobacteria
Order:
Flavobacteriales
Family:
Weeksellaceae
Genus:
Elizabethkingia
Species:
E. anophelis
Binomial name
Elizabethkingia anophelis
Kämpfer et al. 2011

The possibility of a role for mosquitoes in the maintenance and transmission of E. anophelis remains unclear.[4]

Medical importance

A 2014 study showed that some Elizabethkingia infections that had been attributed to Elizabethkingia meningoseptica were instead caused by Elizabethkingia anophelis.[5] E. anophelis has been reported to cause neonatal meningitis in the Central African Republic, and a nosocomial outbreak has been reported in an intensive care unit in Singapore.[4]

An outbreak centered in Wisconsin began in early November 2015, with 48 people confirmed infected in 12 counties and at least 18 deaths by March 9, 2016 and four new cases documented just in the week of 2–9 March 2016.[6] By April 13, 2016, the infection had spread first to western Michigan then to Illinois, with 61 confirmed cases and 21 deaths.[7]

The CDC notes that the infections leading to death occurred in persons over the age of 65 who had other health conditions, leading to uncertainty as to whether E. anophelis was the cause of death, or if the cause was a combination of E. anophelis and preexisting health conditions.[8]

References
  1. Lindh, J.M.; Borg-Karlson, A.-K.; Faye, I. (2008). "Transstadial and horizontal transfer of bacteria within a colony of Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) and oviposition response to bacteria-containing water". Acta Tropica. 107 (3): 242–250. doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2008.06.008. PMID 18671931.
  2. Kämpfer, P; Matthews, H; Glaeser, SP; Martin, K; Lodders, N; Faye, I (November 2011). "Elizabethkingia anophelis sp. nov., isolated from the midgut of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 61 (Pt 11): 2670–5. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.026393-0. PMID 21169462.
  3. Kim, Kwang Kyu; Kim, Myung Kyum; Lim, Ju Hyoung; Park, Hye Yoon; Lee, Sung-Taik (1 May 2005). "Transfer of Chryseobacterium meningosepticum and Chryseobacterium miricola to Elizabethkingia gen. nov. as Elizabethkingia meningoseptica comb. nov. and Elizabethkingia miricola comb. nov". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 55 (3): 1287–1293. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.63541-0. PMID 15879269.
  4. Lau, Susanna K.P.; Wu, Alan K.L.; Teng, Jade L.L.; Tse, Herman; Curreem, Shirly O.T.; Tsui, Stephen K.W.; et al. (February 2015). "Evidence for Elizabethkingia anophelis Transmission from Mother to Infant, Hong Kong". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 21 (2): 232–241. doi:10.3201/eid2102.140623. PMC 4313635. PMID 25625669.
  5. Teo, J.; Tan, S. Y.-Y.; Liu, Y.; Tay, M.; Ding, Y.; Li, Y.; Kjelleberg, S.; Givskov, M.; Lin, R. T. P.; Yang, L. (6 May 2014). "Comparative Genomic Analysis of Malaria Mosquito Vector-Associated Novel Pathogen Elizabethkingia anophelis". Genome Biology and Evolution. 6 (5): 1158–1165. doi:10.1093/gbe/evu094. PMC 4041001. PMID 24803570.
  6. Baillon, Rachelle (9 March 2016). "Elizabethkingia: It may be "weeks rather than days" before we know source of infection". FOX6Now.com. Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
  7. "Multistate Outbreak of Infections Caused by Elizabethkingia anophelis". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). March 30, 2016. Retrieved April 13, 2016.
  8. "Recent Outbreaks". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). June 16, 2016. Retrieved September 18, 2016.


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