Elcanidae

Elcanidae are an extinct family of Mesozoic and early Cenozoic ensiferans (crickets and allies). Members of the family are distinguished by the presence of spurs on the distal part of the metatibia, unique among orthopterans, these have been suggested to have been used for controlling gliding[1] or as swimming aids.[2] They are known from the Late Triassic to Paleocene of Eurasia, North and South America.

Elcanidae
Temporal range: Late Triassic–Paleocene
Elcanonympha diana, showing metatibial spurs (bottom left)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Orthoptera
Suborder: Ensifera
Superfamily: †Elcanoidea
Family: †Elcanidae
Handlirsch 1906
Subfamilies and genera

See text

Sinoelcana minuta

Taxonomy
  • †subfamily Archelcaninae Gorochov 2011[3]
    • †Archelcana Sharov 1968[4]
      • †Archelcana durnovaria Whalley 1985[5] Charmouth Mudstone Formation, England, Sinemurian
      • †Archelcana ornata Zherikhin 1985[6] Cheremkhovskaya Formation, Russia, Toarcian
      • †Archelcana shurabica Sharov 1968 Sagul Formation, Kyrgyzstan, Toarcian
      • Indeterminate remains attributed to the genus are also known from the latest Triassic of Germany[7]
    • †Jeholelcana Fang et al. 2018b[8]
    • †Parelcana Handlirsch 1906[9]
    • †Sibelcana Gorochov 1990[12]
      • †Sibelcana rossica Gorochov 1990 Glushkovo Formation, Russia, Tithonian
      • †Sibelcana transbaicalica Gorochov 1990 Ukurei Formation, Russia, Tithonian
    • †Synelcana Zessin 1988[13]
      • †Synelcana muelleri Zessin 1988 Green Series, Germany, Toarcian
  • †subfamily Elcaninae Handlirsch 1906
    • †Cratoelcana Martins-Neto 1991[14] Crato Formation, Brazil, Aptian
      • †Cratoelcana damianii Martins-Neto 1991
      • †Cratoelcana zessini Martins-Neto 1991
    • †Ellca Kočárek, 2020[1]
    • †Eubaisselcana Gorochov 1986[15] Gurvan-Eren Formation, Mongolia, Aptian
      • †Eubaisselcana mongolica Gorochov 1986
      • †Eubaisselcana sharovi Gorochov 1986
    • †Minelcana Gorochov et al. 2006[16]
    • †Panorpidium Westwood 1854[18]
      • †Panorpidium bimaculatum Gorochov et al. 2006[16] Weald Clay, United Kingdom, Barremian
      • †Panorpidium proximum Gorochov et al. 2006 Durlston Formation, United Kingdom, Berriasian
      • †Panorpidium parvum Gorochov et al. 2006 Weald Clay, United Kingdom, Hauterivian
      • †Panorpidium sibirica Sharov 1968[4] Zaza Formation, Russia, Aptian
      • †Panorpidium tessellatum Westwood 1854 Durlston Formation, United Kingdom, Berriasian
      • †Panorpidium yixianensis Fang et al. 2015[19] Yixian Formation, China, Aptian
    • †Probaisselcana Gorochov 1989[20]
      • †Probaisselcana cretacea Gorochov et al. 2006[16] Weald Clay, United Kingdom, Hauterivian
      • †Probaisselcana euryptera Tian et al. 2019[2] Yixian Formation, China, Aptian
      • †Probaisselcana karatavica Sharov 1968[4] Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Oxfordian
  • Incertae sedis
    • †Burmelcana Peñalver and Grimaldi 2010[21]
      • †Burmelcana longirostris Peñalver and Grimaldi 2010 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
    • †Cascadelcana Fang et al. 2018a[22]
    • †Cenoelcanus Schubnel et al, 2020[23]
    • †Elcanonympha Heads et al, 2018[24]
      • †Elcanonympha diana Heads et al, 2018 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
    • †Hispanelcana Peñalver and Grimaldi 2010 Álava amber, Escucha Formation, Spain, Albian
      • †Hispanelcana alavensis Peñalver and Grimaldi 2010
      • †Hispanelcana arilloi Peñalver and Grimaldi 2010
      • †Hispanelcana lopezvallei Peñalver and Grimaldi 2010
    • †Longioculus Poinar et al. 2007[25]
      • †Longioculus burmensis Poinar et al. 2007 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian

References
  1. Kočárek P (December 2020). "A diminutive elcanid from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber, Ellca nevelka gen. et sp. nov., and the function of metatibial spurs in Elcanidae (Orthoptera)". Cretaceous Research. 116: 104574. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104574.
  2. Tian H, Gu JJ, Huang F, Zhang H, Ren D (July 2019). "A new species of Elcaninae (Orthoptera, Elcanidae) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation at Liutiaogou, Inner Mongolia, NE China, and its morphological implications". Cretaceous Research. 99: 275–280. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2019.03.010.
  3. Gorochov AV (2011). "New family-group taxa in the infraclass Polyneoptera (Insecta): making the names, proposed early, available" (PDF). Zoosystematica Rossica. 20: 159–160. doi:10.31610/zsr/2011.20.1.159.
  4. Sharov AG (1968). "Filogeniya ortopteroidnykh nasekomykh" [Phylogeny of orthopteroid insects]. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR (in Russian). 118: 1–216.
  5. Whalley PE (1985). "The systematics and palaeogeography of the Lower Jurassic insects of Dorset, England". Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Geology). 39 (3): 107–189.
  6. Zherikhin VV (1985). "Yurskie pryamokrylye yuzhnoy Sibiri i zapadnoy Mongolii (Gryllida=Orthoptera)" [Jurassic Orthoptera of southern Siberia and western Mongolia (Grillida = Orthnoptera).]. Yurskie Nasekomye Sibiri I Mongolii (in Russian): 171–184.
  7. Barth G, Ansorge J, Brauckmann C (December 2011). "First record of the genus Ipsvicia (Hemiptera: Ipsviciidae) outside Gondwana - an Australian genus from the Upper Triassic of Germany". Polish Journal of Entomology / Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne. 80 (4): 645–657. doi:10.2478/v10200-011-0050-z. ISSN 0032-3780. S2CID 84850244.
  8. Fang Y, Heads SW, Wang H, Zhang H, Wang B (August 2018). "The first Archelcaninae (Orthoptera, Elcanidae) from the Cretaceous Jehol Biota of Liaoning, China". Cretaceous Research. 86: 129–134. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2018.02.008.
  9. Handlirsch A (1906). "Die Fossilen Insekten und die Phylogenie der Rezenten Formen, parts I-IV." [The fossil insects and the phylogeny of the recent forms]. Ein Handbuch fur Palaontologen und Zoologen [A manual for palaontologists and zoologists] (in German). pp. 1–640.
  10. Handlirsch A (1939). "Neue Untersuchungen über die fossilen Insekten mit Ergänzungen und Nachträgen sowie Ausblicken auf phylogenetische, palaeogeographische und allgemein biologische Probleme. II Teil" [New investigations into the fossil insects with additions and supplements as well as perspectives on phylogenetic, palaeogeographical and general biological problems. II part.]. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien [Annals of the Natural History Museum in Vienna] (in German). 49: 1–240.
  11. Tian H, Gu JJ, Yin XC, Ren D (2019-12-09). "The first Elcanidae (Orthoptera, Elcanoidea) from the Daohugou fossil bed of northeastern China". ZooKeys (897): 19–28. doi:10.3897/zookeys.897.37608. PMC 6914707. PMID 31857785.
  12. Gorochov V (1990). "Orthopterans, Gryllida, in Pozdne-Mezozoyskie Nasekomye Vostochnogo Zabaykal'ya" [Orthnopterans, Grillida, in Late Mesozoic Insects of Eastern Transbaikalia]. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta [USSR Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the Paleontological Institute] (in Russian). 239: 210–214.
  13. Zessin W (1988). "Neue Saltatoria (Insecta) aus dem Oberlias Mitteleuropas" [New Saltatoria (Insecta) from the Upper Liaison of Central Europe]. Freiberger Forschungshefte C [Freiberg Research Books C] (in German). 419: 107–121.
  14. Martins-Neto RG (1991). "Sistemática dos Ensifera (Insecta, Orthopteroida) da formação Santana, Cretáceo Inferior do Nordeste do Brasil" [Systematics of the Ensifera (Insecta, Orthopteroida) from the Santana, Lower Cretaceous formation in Northeastern Brazil.]. Acta Geologica Leopoldensia (in Portuguese). 14 (32): 5–160. doi:10.11606/D.44.1990.tde-26082015-144345.
  15. Gorochov AV (1986). "Grasshoppers. Gryllida (=Orthoptera), in Nasekomye v rannemelovykh ekosistemakh zapadnoy Mongolii". The Joint Soviet-Mongolian Palaeontological Expedition. 28: 171–174.
  16. Gorochov AV, Jarzembowski EA, Coram RA (2006-10-01). "Grasshoppers and crickets (Insecta: Orthoptera) from the Lower Cretaceous of southern England". Cretaceous Research. 27 (5): 641–662. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2006.03.007. ISSN 0195-6671.
  17. Giebel CG (1856). "Die Insecten und Spinnen der Vorwelt mit steter Berücksichtigung der lebenden Insekten und Spinnen". Die Fauna der Vorwelt. 2: 1–511.
  18. Westwood JO (1854). "Contributions to fossil entomology". Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London. 10 (1–2): 378–396. doi:10.1144/GSL.JGS.1854.010.01-02.43. S2CID 129712238.
  19. Fang Y, Wang B, Zhang H, Wang H, Jarzembowski EA, Zheng D, Zhang Q, Li S, Liu Q (January 2015). "New Cretaceous Elcanidae from China and Myanmar (Insecta, Orthoptera)". Cretaceous Research. 52: 323–328. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2014.05.004.
  20. Gorochov AB (1989). "Novye taksony prjamokrylyx semejstv Bintoniellidae, Xenopteridae, Permelcanidae, Elcanidae, i Vitimiidae (Orthoptera, Ensifera) iz mezozoja azii" [New taxa of the Orthopteran families Bintoniellidae, Xenopteridae, Permelcanidae, Elcanidae, and Vitimiidae (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from the Mesozoic Asia]. Vestnik Zoologii (in Russian). 1989 (4): 20–27.
  21. Peñalver E, Grimaldi DA (2010-01-01). "Latest occurrences of the Mesozoic family Elcanidae (Insecta: Orthoptera), in Cretaceous amber from Myanmar and Spain". Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. N.S. 46 (1–2): 88–99. doi:10.1080/00379271.2010.10697641. ISSN 0037-9271. S2CID 84115545.
  22. Fang Y, Muscente AD, Heads SW, Wang B, Xiao S (2018-05-25). "The earliest Elcanidae (Insecta, Orthoptera) from the Upper Triassic of North America". Journal of Paleontology. 92 (6): 1028–1034. doi:10.1017/jpa.2018.20. ISSN 0022-3360. S2CID 133821611.
  23. Schubnel, Thomas; Desutter, Laure; Garrouste, Romain; hervé, sophie; Nel, André (2020). "Paleocene of Menat Formation, France, reveals an extraordinary diversity of orthopterans and the last known survivor of a Mesozoic Elcanidae". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 65. doi:10.4202/app.00676.2019. ISSN 0567-7920.
  24. Heads SW, Thomas MJ, Wang Y (December 2018). "A new genus and species of Elcanidae (Insecta: Orthoptera) from Cretaceous Burmese amber". Zootaxa. 4527 (4): 575–580. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4527.4.8. PMID 30651491.
  25. Poinar G, Gorochov AV, Buckley R (2007). "Longioculus burmensis, n. gen., n. sp. (Orthoptera: Elcanidae) in Burmese amber". Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 109: 649–655.
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