Eighteen Mile Creek (Erie County)

Eighteen Mile Creek (also known as Eighteenmile Creek) is a tributary of Lake Erie located in southern Erie County, New York, United States.[1] The creek is the second largest tributary of Lake Erie in New York State.[3]

Eighteen Mile Creek
Eighteen Mile Creek in Hamburg, New York.
Location of the mouth of Eighteen Mile Creek in New York State. Eighteen Mile Creek (Erie County) (the United States)
Location
Country	United States
State	New York
Region	Western New York
County	Erie County
Physical characteristics
Source
• location	Town of Concord
• coordinates	42°33′23″N 78°41′28″W[1]
2nd source	South Branch Eighteen Mile Cr.
• location	Town of North Collins
• coordinates	42°32′17″N 78°45′51″W[2]
Source confluence
• location	Town of Hamburg
• coordinates	42°41′58″N 78°54′12″W[2]
Mouth	Lake Erie
• location	Highland-on-the-Lake, Town of Evans
• coordinates	42°43′05″N 78°58′09″W[1]
Basin size	310 km^2 (120 sq mi)
Basin features
Tributaries
• right	South Branch Eighteen Mile Cr.

The name is derived from the creek's distance south of the Niagara River in Buffalo. The creek was named Koughquaugu Creek by the Seneca Nation.[4]

Course

From its source in the Town of Concord,[1] Eighteen Mile Creek flows north and then west before entering Lake Erie at the community of Highland-on-the-Lake in the Town of Evans.[3] It has one major tributary, the South Branch Eighteen Mile Creek, which joins the main branch within Eighteen Mile Creek Park in the Town of Hamburg.[2][5] The creek drains an approximately 120-square-mile (310 km²) watershed.[3]

Geology

The lower section of Eighteen Mile Creek has been known for its abundance of fossils since the 19th century.[6] The faces of the creek's gorges expose bands of shale overlain by limestone which yield numerous fossils dating from the middle to late Devonian Period. These include corals such as Heliophyllum and Favosites in addition to various species of crinoids, brachiopods, bryozoans, bivalves, and trilobites.[7][8]

Portions of the creek and surrounding area in the Town of Hamburg have been designated as a "Critical Environmental Area" due to its abundance of fossils.[9]

Public use

Sportfishing

Eighteen Mile Creek is utilized by anglers seeking Lake Erie steelhead during their annual spawning runs that take place from mid-October to early May. Brown trout are also sought year-round. Fishing access is facilitated by 1.4 miles (2.3 km) of "public fishing rights" conservation easements secured along the creek and its major tributary, the creek's South Branch. An additional 2.5 miles (4.0 km) of stream access is available within Eighteen Mile Creek County Park; the portion located along the main stem within the park is a catch and release area where only artificial lures are permitted.[5]

Eighteen Mile Creek is stocked annually by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. In 2014, 20,000 steelhead and 660 brown trout were stocked in the stream, and an additional 20,000 steelhead were stocked in the creek's South Branch.[10]

Parks and forests

Eighteen Mile Creek Park, a 464-acre (1.88 km²) county park, is located at the confluence of Eighteen Mile Creek's main stem and its South Branch in the Town of Hamburg. The park is largely undeveloped with the exception of hiking trails and a small parking area. It is managed by the Erie County Department of Parks, Recreation and Forestry and includes a 60-foot (18 m) gorge along the creek.[11] A small parking lot on South Creek Road provides access to five miles (8.0 km) of hiking trails, as well as access for fishing along the creek.[12]

In November 2015, the Erie County Parks Department announced that a 225-acre (0.91 km²) forested parcel at the headwaters of Eighteen Mile Creek had been purchased by the county in order to prevent commercial development.[13] The acquisition took place in collaboration with The Nature Conservancy and the Buffalo Niagara Riverkeeper, who together with the county aimed to raise $320,000 for the purchase.[14] The newly purchased forest in the Town of Concord joins other county lands protecting the creek's headwaters, helping to provide habitat for fish and wildlife in addition to improving drinking water quality within the region. Over 1,000 acres (4.0 km²; 1.6 sq mi) of land near the creek's headwaters are protected by the county, and are accessible to the public for passive recreation such as hiking.[15]

See also

• List of rivers in New York

References

1. "Eighteenmile Creek". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
2. "South Branch Eighteenmile Creek". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved December 15, 2015.
3. "Coastal Fish & Wildlife Habitat Rating Form - Eighteen Mile Creek - Lake Erie" (PDF). Dos.ny.gov. New York State Department of State. October 15, 1987. Retrieved December 15, 2015.
4. Beauchamp, William Martin (1907). Aboriginal Place Names of New York (New York State Museum Bulletin, Volume 108). New York State Education Department. p. 64. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
5. "Public Fishing Information for Eighteen Mile Creek" (PDF). Dec.ny.gov. NYS Department of Environmental Conservation. Retrieved December 13, 2015.
6. Amadeus William, Grabau (1898). Geology and Palaeontology of Eighteen Mile Creek and the Lake Shore Sections of Erie County, New York: A Handbook for the Use of Students and Amateurs (Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences, Volume 6). Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences. Retrieved December 14, 2015.
7. Maletz, Jörg. "Devonian Stratigraphy and Fossil Assemblages of WNY". Buffalo.edu. Retrieved December 14, 2015.
8. Ball, Jessica (March 18, 2012). "Fossil interlude: Eighteen Mile Creek, New York". Blogs.AGU.org. American Geophysical Union. Retrieved December 15, 2015.
9. "Mouth of Eighteen Mile Creek at Lake Erie". Dec.ny.gov. NYS Department of Environmental Conservation. Retrieved December 14, 2015.; Map of the Critical Environmental Area
10. "2014 Fish Stocking in Erie County". Dec.ny.gov. NYS Department of Environmental Conservation. Retrieved December 14, 2015.
11. "Eighteen Mile Creek". Erie.gov. Erie County Department of Parks, Recreation and Forestry. Retrieved December 14, 2015.
12. "Erie County's 18 Mile Creek Park for Hiking, Snowshoeing, and Mountain Biking". WNYtrails.com. WNY Trails. Retrieved December 14, 2015.
13. "Eighteen Mile Creek headwaters now under county control". WGRZ.com. November 20, 2015. Retrieved December 14, 2015.
14. "Eighteenmile Creek headwaters to be protected". Nature.org. The Nature Conservancy. Retrieved December 15, 2015.
15. "Erie County Parks, Partners Collaborate to Protect, Preserve Concord Land Parcel". Erie.gov. Erie County Executive's Office. November 20, 2015. Retrieved December 14, 2015.