Edward Seymour, 12th Duke of Somerset

Edward Adolphus Seymour (later St. Maur), 12th Duke of Somerset, etc., KG, PC (20 December 1804 – 28 November 1885), styled Lord Seymour until 1855, was a British Whig aristocrat and politician, who served in various cabinet positions in the mid-19th century, including that of First Lord of the Admiralty.

His Grace The Duke of Somerset KG PC
The Duke of Somerset, by Carlo Pellegrini, 1869.
First Commissioner of Woods and Forests
In office 17 April 1849 – 1 August 1851
Monarch	Victoria
Prime Minister	Lord John Russell
Preceded by	The Earl of Carlisle
Succeeded by	Office abolished
First Commissioner of Works
In office 1 August 1851 – 21 February 1852
Monarch	Victoria
Prime Minister	Lord John Russell
Preceded by	New office
Succeeded by	Lord John Manners
First Lord of the Admiralty
In office 27 June 1859 – 26 June 1866
Monarch	Victoria
Prime Minister	The Viscount Palmerston The Earl Russell
Preceded by	Sir John Pakington, Bt
Succeeded by	Sir John Pakington, Bt
Personal details
Born	20 December 1804 Piccadilly, Westminster, United Kingdom
Died	28 November 1885 (aged 80) Stover Lodge, Teigngrace, Devon, United Kingdom
Nationality	British
Political party	Whig
Spouse(s)	Jane Georgiana Sheridan (d. 1884)
Children	5, including Ferdinand
Parents	Edward St Maur, 11th Duke of Somerset Lady Charlotte Hamilton
Alma mater	Christ Church, Oxford

Shield of arms of Edward Seymour, 12th Duke of Somerset, as displayed on his Order of the Garter stall plate in St. George's Chapel.

Background and education

Somerset was the eldest son of Edward St. Maur, 11th Duke of Somerset, and Lady Charlotte, daughter of Archibald Hamilton, 9th Duke of Hamilton. He was baptized on 16 February 1805 at St. George's, Hanover Square, London.[1] He was educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford.[2]

Political career

Somerset sat as Member of Parliament as Lord Seymour[2] for Okehampton between 1830 and 1831[3] and for Totnes between 1834 and 1855.[4] He served under Lord Melbourne as a Lord of the Treasury between 1835 and 1839, as Joint Secretary to the Board of Control between 1839 and 1841 and as Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department between June and August 1841 and was a member of Lord John Russell's first administration as First Commissioner of Woods and Forests between 1849 and 1851, when the office was abolished. He served on the Royal Commission on the British Museum (1847–49).[5] In August 1851 he was appointed to the newly created office of First Commissioner of Works by Russell. In October of the same year he entered the cabinet and was sworn of the Privy Council.[6] He remained First Commissioner of Works until the government fell in February 1852.

Somerset succeeded his father in the dukedom in 1855 and entered the House of Lords. He did not serve in Lord Palmerston's first administration, but when Palmerston became Prime Minister for a second time in 1859, Somerset was appointed First Lord of the Admiralty, with a seat in the cabinet.[2] He held this post until 1866, the last year under the premiership of Russell. He refused to join William Ewart Gladstone's first ministry in 1868, but gave independent support to the chief measures of the government.[2]

He was made a Knight of the Garter in 1862[7] and in 1863 he was created Earl St. Maur, of Berry Pomeroy in the County of Devon.[8] "St. Maur" was supposed to have been the original form of the family name and "Seymour" a later corruption. From some time in the early 19th century until 1923, "St. Maur" was used for the family name, but since 1923 the dukes have again used the familiar "Seymour".

Somerset was also the author of Christian Theology and Modern Scepticism (1872), and Monarchy and Democracy (1880).[2] Between 1861 and 1885 he served as Lord Lieutenant of Devon.[9]

Family

Somerset married in Grosvenor Square, London, on 10 June 1830, Jane Georgiana Sheridan, who was the “Queen of Beauty” at the Eglinton Tournament of 1839.[2] The Somersets had two sons and three daughters:

• Lady Jane Hermione Seymour (1 January 1832 – 4 April 1909) she married Sir Frederick Ulric Graham, of Netherby, 3d Baronet on 26 October 1852. They have eight children included: (the Countess of Verulam and the Duchess of Montrose)
• Lady Ulrica Frederica Jane Seymour (12 January 1833 – 26 or 28 January 1916) she married Rt. Hon. Lord Henry Frederick Thynne on 1 June 1858. They had six children.
• Edward Adolphus Ferdinand Seymour, Earl St. Maur (17 July 1835 – 30 September 1869) he had two illegitimate children with Rosina Swan.
• Lord Edward Percy Seymour (19 August 1841 – 20 December 1865) was a diplomat and died after being mauled by a bear[10]
• Lady Helen Guendolen Seymour (1846 – 14 August 1910) she married Sir John William Ramsden, 5th Baronet on 2 August 1865. They had four children. Lady Guendolen inherited the Bulstrode estate.

The Duchess of Somerset died in December 1884. Somerset survived her by less than a year and died in November 1885, aged 80, and was buried with her in St James's Churchyard in Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire. As his two sons had both died in his lifetime, the family titles (except the Earldom of St. Maur, which became extinct) devolved on his younger brother, Archibald Seymour, 13th Duke of Somerset.

The 12th Duke left his London residence, Somerset House in Park Lane, to his eldest daughter Lady Hermione Graham.[11]

Ancestry

Ancestors of Edward Seymour, 12th Duke of Somerset

Sir Edward Seymour, 5th Baronet Edward Seymour, 8th Duke of Somerset Laetitia Popham Webb Seymour, 10th Duke of Somerset Daniel Webb Mary Webb Elizabeth Somner Edward Adolphus St Maur, 11th Duke of Somerset Andrew Bonnell John Bonnell Anna Maria/Mary Anne Bonnell Edward Seymour, 12th Duke of Somerset James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Hamilton James Hamilton, 5th Duke of Hamilton Elizabeth Gerard Archibald Hamilton, 9th Duke of Hamilton Anne Spencer Lady Charlotte Douglas-Hamilton James Stewart, 5th Earl of Galloway Alexander Stewart, 6th Earl of Galloway Catherine Montgomerie Harriet Stewart John Cochrane, 4th Earl of Dundonald Lady Catherine Cochrane

References

1. The Complete Peerage; vol. XII, pt. I, p. 86.
2. McNeill, Ronald John (1911). "Somerset, Earls and Dukes of s.v. Edward Adolphus, 12th duke" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 386.
3. "leighrayment.com House of Commons: Ochil to Oxford University". Archived from the original on 16 August 2011. Retrieved 4 September 2009.
4. "leighrayment.com House of Commons: Tipperary South to Tyrone West". Archived from the original on 15 July 2018. Retrieved 4 September 2009.
5. The Life of Sir Anthony Panizzi, Volume 1, by Louis Alexander Fagan, p257
6. "No. 21256". The London Gazette. 24 October 1851. p. 2775.
7. "No. 22628". The London Gazette. 23 May 1862. p. 2672.
8. "No. 22746". The London Gazette. 19 June 1863. p. 3132.
9. leighrayment.com Peerage: Slim to Sramfordham
10. The Complete Peerage vol.XIIpI, p.87, note b.
11. Notes & Queries, vol. 133 (1916), p. 318 (snippet)

External links

• Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by the Duke of Somerset