Echeveria

Echeveria is a large genus of flowering plants in the family Crassulaceae, native to semi-desert areas of Central America, Mexico and northwestern South America.

Echeveria
Echeveria elegans
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Order:	Saxifragales
Family:	Crassulaceae
Subfamily:	Sempervivoideae
Tribe:	Sedeae
Genus:	Echeveria DC.[1]
Species
See text
Synonyms
Courantia Lem. Oliveranthus Rose Oliverella Rose Urbinia Rose

Description

Plants may be evergreen or deciduous. Flowers on short stalks (cymes) arise from compact rosettes of succulent fleshy, often brightly coloured leaves.[2] Species are polycarpic, meaning that they may flower and set seed many times over the course of their lifetimes. Often numerous offsets are produced, and are commonly known as "hen and chicks", which can also refer to other genera, such as Sempervivum, that are significantly different from Echeveria. Many species of Echeveria serve important environmental roles, such as those of host plants for butterflies. For example, the butterfly Callophrys xami uses several species of Echeveria, such as Echevelia gibbiflora, for suitable host plants. Even more, these plants are integral to the oviposition process of C. xami and some other butterfly species as well.[3][4]

Etymology

Echeveria is named for Atanasio Echeverría y Godoy, a botanical illustrator who contributed to Flora Mexicana.[5]

Taxonomy

The genus was erected by A. P. de Candolle in 1828, and is named after the 18th century Mexican botanical artist Atanasio Echeverría y Godoy. As of June 2018, the genus consists of about 150 species, including genera such as Oliveranthus and Urbinia that have formerly been split off from Echeveria. Molecular phylogenetic studies have repeatedly shown the genus not to be monophyletic: species of Echeveria cluster with species of Cremnophila, Graptopetalum, Pachyphytum, and Thompsonella as well as species of Sedum sect. Pachysedum. The former Urbinia species do appear to form a monophyletic group within this grouping.[6][7] Although it is clear that Echeveria is not monophyletic, its limits are not clear, and further analyses are needed to determine whether and how the genus should be split.[7]

Species

One source accepts the following species:[8]

Echeveria acutifolia Lindley Echeveria affinis Walther Echeveria agavoides Lemaire Echeveria alata Alexander Echeveria amoena De Smet Echeveria amphoralis Walther Echeveria andicola Pino Echeveria angustifolia Walther Echeveria atropurpurea (Baker) Morren Echeveria aurantiaca Reyes, Gonzáles-Zorzano & Brachet Echeveria australis Rose Echeveria bakeri Kimnach Echeveria ballsii Walther Echeveria bella Alexander Echeveria bicolor (Humb. & Bonpl.) Walther Echeveria bifida Schlechtendal Echeveria brachetii Reyes & Gonzáles Echeveria calderoniae Pérez-Calix Echeveria calycosa Moran Echeveria canaliculata Hooker f. Echeveria cante Glass & Mendoza-Garcia Echeveria carminea Alexander Echeveria carnicolor E. Morren Echeveria cerrograndensis Nieves-Hernández et al. Echeveria chapalensis Moran & C.H.Uhl Echeveria chazaroi Kimnach Echeveria chiclensis (Ball) Berger Echeveria chihuahuaensis von Poellnitz Echeveria chilonensis (Kuntze) Walther Echeveria coccinea (Cavanilles) DC Echeveria colorata Walther Echeveria compressicaulis Eggli & Taylor Echeveria corallina Alexander Echeveria coruana Garcia et al. Echeveria craigiana Walther Echeveria crenulata Rose Echeveria cuencaensis von Poellnitz Echeveria cuspidata Rose Echeveria dactylifera Walther Echeveria decumbens Kimnach Echeveria derenbergii J.A.Purpus Echeveria desmetiana De Smet Echeveria diffractens Kimnach & A.B.Lau Echeveria elegans Rose Echeveria eurychlamys (Diels) Berger Echeveria excelsa (Diels)Berger Echeveria fimbriata C.H.Thompson Echeveria fulgens Lemaire Echeveria gibbiflora DC Echeveria gigantea Rose & Purpus Echeveria globuliflora Walther Echeveria globulosa Moran Echeveria goldmanii Rose Echeveria gracilis (Rose) Moran Echeveria grisea Walther Echeveria guatemalensis Rose Echeveria gudeliana Véliz & García-Mendoza Echeveria guerrerensis Reyes, González-Zorzano & Brachet

Echeveria halbingeri Walther Echeveria harmsii J.F.Macbride Echeveria helmutiana Kimnach Echeveria heterosepala Rose Echeveria holwayi Rose Echeveria humilis Rose Echeveria hyalina E.Walther Echeveria johnsonii Walther Echeveria juarezensis Walther Echeveria juliana Reyes, González-Zorzano & Kristen Echeveria kimnachii Meyrán & Vega Echeveria krahnii Kimnach Echeveria laui Moran&Meyrán Echeveria leucotricha Purpus Echeveria lilacina Kimnach & Moran Echeveria longiflora Walther Echeveria longissima Walther Echeveria lozanoi Rose Echeveria lutea Rose Echeveria lyonsii Kimnach Echeveria macdougallii Walther Echeveria macrantha Standley & Steyermark Echeveria marianae García-Ruiz & Costea Echeveria maxonii Rose Echeveria megacalyx Walther Echeveria minima J.Meyrán Echeveria mondragoniana Reyes & Brachet Echeveria montana Rose Echeveria moranii Walther Echeveria mucronata Schlechtendal Echeveria multicaulis Rose Echeveria munizii Padilla-Lepe & A. Vázquez Echeveria nayaritensis Kimnach Echeveria nebularum Moran & Kimnach Echeveria nodulosa (Baker) Otto Echeveria novogaliciana Reyes, Brachet & González-Zorzano Echeveria nuda Lindley Echeveria nuyooensis Reyes & Islas Echeveria olivacea Moran Echeveria oreophila Kimnach Echeveria pallida Walther Echeveria paniculata Gray Echeveria papillosa Kimnach & C.H.Uhl Echeveria patriotica García & Pérez-Calix Echeveria penduliflora Walther Echeveria pendulosa Kimnach & Uhl Echeveria perezcalixii Jimeno-Sevilla & Carillo Echeveria peruviana Meyrán Echeveria pilosa J.A.Purpus Echeveria pinetorum Rose Echeveriap pistioides García et al. Echeveria pittieri Rose Echeveria platyphylla Rose Echeveria pringlei (S.Watson) Rose Echeveria procera Moran Echeveria prolifica Moran & J.Meyrán

Echeveria prunina Kimnach & Moran Echeveria pulidonis Walther Echeveria pulvinata Rose Echeveria purhepecha García Echeveria purpusorum Berger Echeveria quitensis (Humb. & Bonpl.) Lindley Echeveria racemosa Schlechtendal & Chamisso Echeveria rauschii van Keppel Echeveria recurvata Carruthers Echeveria rodolfi Martínez-Ávalos & Mora-Olivo Echeveria rosea Lindley Echeveria roseiflora Reyes & Gonzáles-zorzano Echeveria rubromarginata Rose Echeveria rulfiana Jimeno-Sevilla et al. Echeveria runyonii Rose ex Walther Echeveria schaffneri (S.Watson) Rose Echeveria scheeri Lindley Echeveria secunda Booth Echeveria semivestita Moran Echeveria sessiliflora Rose Echeveria setosa Rose & Purpus Echeveria shaviana Walther Echeveria simulans Rose Echeveria skinneri Walther Echeveria spectabilis Alexander Echeveria steyermarkii Standley Echeveria strictiflora A.Gray Echeveria subalpina Rose & Purpus Echeveria subcorymbosa Kimnach & Moran Echeveria subrigida (Robinson & Seaton) Rose Echeveria subspicata (Baker) Berger Echeveria tamaulipana Martinez-Ávalos, Mora & Terry Echeveria tencho Moran & Uhl Echeveria tenuis Rose Echeveria teretifolia Sessé & Mociño ex DC Echeveria tobarensis Berger Echeveria tolimanensis Matuda Echeveria tolucensis Rose Echeveria trianthina Rose Echeveria triquiana Reyes & Brachet Echeveria turgida Rose Echeveria uhlii Meyrán Echeveria unguiculata Kimnach Echeveria utcubambensis Hutchinson ex Kimnach Echeveria uxorum Jimeno-Sevilla & Cházaro Echeveria valvata Moran Echeveria viridissima Walther Echeveria walpoleana Rose Echeveria waltheri Moran & Meyrán Echeveria westii Walther Echeveria whitei Rose Echeveria wurdackii Hutchison ex Kimnach Echeveria xichuensis Lopez & Reyes Echeveria yalmanantlanensis A.Vázquez & Cházaro Echeveria zorzaniana Reyes & Brachet

Cultivation

Echeveria glauca in a Connecticut greenhouse, kept at 77 °F (25 °C)

Many Echeveria species are popular as ornamental garden plants. They are drought-resistant, although they do better with regular deep watering and fertilizing. Most will tolerate shade and some frost, although hybrids tend to be less tolerant. Most lose their lower leaves in winter; as a result, after a few years, the plants lose their compact appearance and need to be re-rooted or propagated. In addition, if not removed, the shed leaves may decay, harboring fungus that can then infect the plant.

Echeveria laui - a species with round, glaucous leaves

E. gibbiflora

Echeveria nodulosa - painted echeveria

Propagation

They can be propagated easily by separating offsets, but also by leaf cuttings, and by seed if they are not hybrids.

Cultivars and Hybrids

Echeveria has been extensively bred and hybridized. The following is a selection of available plants.

• ‘Arlie Wright’
• ‘Black Prince’
• ‘Blue Heron’
• ‘Blue Surprise’ (E. × gilva)
• ‘Dondo’
• ‘Doris Taylor’
• ‘Ebony’ (E. agavoides cultivar)
• ‘Frank Reinelt’
• ‘Hoveyi’
• ‘Lipstick’ (E. agavoides cultivar)
• ‘Oliver’ (E. pulvinata cultivar)
• ‘Opalina’
• ‘Painted Lady’
• ‘Perle von Nürnberg’
• ‘Paul Bunyan’
• ‘Red’ (E. × gilva)
• ‘Ruberia’
• ‘Set-Oliver’
• ‘Tippy’
• ‘Victor Reiter’ (E. agavoides cultivar)
• ‘Wavy Curls’
• ‘Worfield Wonder’ (E. × derosa)

Award winning

Echeveria ‘Perle von Nürnberg’

The following have gained the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit:[9]

• Echeveria agavoides[10]
• Echeveria chihuahuaensis[11]
• Echeveria derenbergii[12]
• Echeveria elegans[13]
• Echeveria ‘Perle von Nürnberg’[14]
• Echeveria runyonii ‘Topsy Turvy’[15]
• Echeveria secunda var. glauca ‘Compton Carousel’[16]
• Echeveria setosa[17]
• Echeveria × bombycina[18]

Formerly in Echeveria

• Dudleya anthonyi (as E. anthonyi)
• Dudleya arizonica Rose (as E. arizonica (Rose) Kearney & Peebles)
• Dudleya attenuata (as E. attenuata and E. edulis var. attenuata)
• Dudleya caespitosa (as E. californica, E. cotyledon, E. helleri, and E. laxa)
• Dudleya candida (as E. candida)
• Dudleya cultrata (as E. cultrata)
• Dudleya cymosa (Lem.) Britton & Rose (as E. cymosa Lem.)
• Dudleya edulis (as E. edulis)
• Dudleya pulverulenta subsp. pulverulenta (as E. argentea and E. pulverulenta)
• Dudleya saxosa subsp. collomiae (as E. collomiae)
• Graptopetalum paraguayense (N.E.Br.) E.Walther (as E. weinbergii hort. ex T.B.Sheph.)
• Pachyveria clavifolia (as E. clavifolia)

Photo gallery

• 
  Flowers of Echeveria ‘Blue Curl’
• 
  Echeveria cv. ‘Black Prince’
• 
  The flowers of E. pulvinata are in bright yellowish orange color.
• 
  E. secunda var. glauca in the UBC Botanical Garden
• 
  Echeveria ‘Black Prince’ . 2018 Taichung World Flora Exposition, Taiwan.
• 
  Sculptural quality of Echeveria on display

References

1. "Genus: Echeveria DC". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2003-06-13. Archived from the original on 2014-12-21. Retrieved 2011-10-21.
2. RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 978-1405332965.
3. Opler, Paul A. (1999). A Field Guide to Western Butterflies. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 218–219. ISBN 0395791510.
4. Ziegler, J. Benjamin; Escalante, Tarsicio (1964). "Observations on the Life History of Callophrys Xami (Lycaenidae)" (PDF). Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society. 18 (2): 85–89.
5. Gledhill, David (2008). "The Names of Plants". Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521866453 (hardback), ISBN 9780521685535 (paperback). p. 149
6. Carrillo-Reyes, Pablo; Sosa, Victoria & Mort, Mark E. (2009), "Molecular phylogeny of the Acre clade (Crassulaceae): Dealing with the lack of definitions for Echeveria and Sedum", Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 53 (1): 267–276, doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.05.022, PMID 19482091
7. Vázquez-Cotero, Carlos; Sosa, Victoria & Carrillo-Reyes, Pablo (2017), "Phylogenetic position of Echeveria heterosepala (Crassulaceae): a rare species with diagnostic characters of Pachyphytum", Botanical Sciences, 95 (3): 515–526, doi:10.17129/botsci.1190
8. http://www.crassulaceae.ch/de/artikel?akID=48
9. "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 34. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
10. "RHS Plantfinder - Echeveria agavoides". Retrieved 25 April 2019.
11. "RHS Plantfinder - Echeveria chihuahuaensis". Retrieved 25 April 2019.
12. "RHS Plantfinder - Echeveria derenbergii". Retrieved 25 April 2019.
13. "RHS Plantfinder - Echeveria elegans". Retrieved 25 April 2019.
14. "RHS Plantfinder - Echeveria 'Perle von Nürnberg'". Retrieved 25 April 2019.
15. "RHS Plantfinder - Echeveria runyonii 'Topsy Turvy'". Retrieved 25 April 2019.
16. "RHS Plantfinder - Echeveria secunda var. glauca 'Compton Carousel'". Retrieved 25 April 2019.
17. "RHS Plantfinder - Echeveria setosa". Retrieved 25 April 2019.
18. "RHS Plantfinder - Echeveria × bombycina". Retrieved 25 April 2019.

External links

• Flora Mexicana via Biodiversity Library