Dromornis

Dromornis is a genus of prehistoric birds that stood up to 3 m (9.8 feet) tall and weighed up to 730 kg (1,610 pounds).[2]

Dromornis
Temporal range: Late Miocene - Early Pliocene
Cast of Dromornis stirtoni from Australia
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: †Gastornithiformes
Family: †Dromornithidae
Genus: †Dromornis
Owen, 1872
Species

Taxonomy
Holotype femur of D. australis

Although they looked like giant emus, the Dromornis are more closely related to fowl. Dromornis are part of a family of giant birds called Dromornithidae that lived from 8 million years ago until less than 30,000 years ago. Australia had been separated from the big southern landmass of Gondwana for millions of years by this time. The animals of Australia had evolved very slowly in almost complete isolation from the animals of other continents. The type specimen, a femur, was found in a 55-metre-deep (180 ft) well at Peak Downs, Queensland, and subsequently described by Richard Owen in 1872.[3] Due to the poor fossil record of D. australis (the type species of the genus) and the large time gap between the two Dromornis species, D. stirtoni may eventually be reassigned to the genus Bullockornis.

They are sometimes referred to as mihirung birds, or "Stirton's thunder birds". 'Mihirung paringmal' is an Aboriginal word from the Tjapwuring people of Western Victoria and it means 'giant bird'.

Description

Dromornis stirtoni was 3 m (9.8 feet) tall and weighed up to 650 kg (1,430 pounds).[3][4] It was heavier than the moa and taller than Aepyornis, though slightly smaller than Vorombe. This genus had a long neck and stub-like wings, rendering it flightless.[5] Its legs were powerful, but it is not believed to have been a fast runner.[5] The bird's beak was large and immensely powerful, leading some researchers to theorize that it was a herbivore that used its beak to shear through tough plant stalks.[5] Others have argued that the size of the beak suggests that the bird was a carnivore,[5] but this has since been dismissed, as the beak lacks specializations for carnivory and the bird shows several other specializations towards herbivory.[6]

Dromornis was sexually dimorphic. Males were more robust and heavier, though not necessarily taller, than females.[7]

Habitat
D. stirtoni, artist's impression

It inhabited subtropical open woodlands in Australia during the Late Miocene to the early Pliocene. There were forests and a permanent water supply at Alcoota, one location where the Dromornis birds lived, although the climate was very unpredictable.

Footnotes
  1. Trevor H. Worthy; Warren D. Handley; Michael Archer; Suzanne J. Hand (2016). "The extinct flightless mihirungs (Aves, Dromornithidae): cranial anatomy, a new species, and assessment of Oligo-Miocene lineage diversity". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. Online edition: e1031345. doi:10.1080/02724634.2015.1031345.
  2. Hansford, James P.; Turvey, Samuel T. (26 September 2018). "Unexpected diversity within the extinct elephant birds (Aves: Aepyornithidae) and a new identity for the world's largest bird". Royal Society Open Science. 5 (9): 181295. doi:10.1098/rsos.181295. eISSN 2054-5703.
  3. Murray, P. F. Vickers-Rich, P. (2004)
  4. http://blogs.flinders.edu.au/flinders-news/tag/dromornis-murrayi/%5B%5D
  5. Ellis, R. (2004)
  6. Peter F. Murray; Patricia Vickers-Rich (2004), Magnificent Mihirungs: The Colossal Flightless Birds of the Australian Dreamtime, Indiana University Press, ISBN 0253342821
  7. Handley, W. D.; A. Chinsamy; A. M. Yates & T. H. Worthy (2016), "Sexual dimorphism in the late Miocene mihirung Dromornis stirtoni (Aves: Dromornithidae) from the Alcoota Local Fauna of central Australia", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, doi:10.1080/02724634.2016.1180298

References
  • Murray, P. F. Vickers-Rich, P. (2004) Magnificent Mihirungs: The Colossal Flightless Birds of the Australian Dreamtime. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-34282-9.
  • Ellis, R. (2004) No Turning Back: The Life and Death of Animal Species. New York: Harper Perennial. p. 102. ISBN 0-06-055804-0.
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