Dollar, Clackmannanshire

Dollar
Scottish Gaelic: *Dolair*
Dollar Scottish Gaelic: Dolair;
	Dollar Location within Clackmannanshire
Population	2,800 (mid-2016 est.)[1]
OS grid reference	NS964978
Council area	Clackmannanshire;
Lieutenancy area	Clackmannanshire;
Country	Scotland
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	Dollar
Postcode district	FK14
Dialling code	01259
Police	Scotland
Fire	Scottish
Ambulance	Scottish
UK Parliament	Ochil and South Perthshire;
Scottish Parliament	Clackmannanshire and Dunblane;

Dollar (Scottish Gaelic: Dolair) is a small town with a population of 2,800 people in Clackmannanshire, Scotland. It is 12 miles (19 kilometres) east of Stirling. Dollar was once a place of residence of Mary, Queen of Scots.

Toponymy

Possible interpretations are that Dollar is derived from Doilleir, an Irish and Scots Gaelic word meaning dark and gloomy, or from various words in Pictish: 'Dol' (field) + 'Ar' (arable) or Dol (valley) + Ar (high).[2] Another derivation is from Dolar, ‘haugh place’[3] (cf Welsh dôl ‘meadow’. This word was borrowed from British or Pictish into Scottish Gaelic as dail ‘water-meadow, haugh’). John Everett-Heath, in [4] derives it as 'Place of the Water Meadow' from the Celtic dôl 'water meadow' and ar 'place'.

A further theory, linked to Castle Campbell's alternative name of Castle Gloom, is that it stems from Scots-French "Doleur", meaning sadness.

In any case, the name is linguistically unrelated to the Dollar currency, whose name which is ultimately derived from German - though the currency's name might have influenced the definite spelling of the town's name.

History

Castle Campbell, Dollar, Scotland

Old houses in Dollar

500-year-old Castle Campbell stands overlooking the town, sitting on a forward projection of rock on the south side of the Ochil Hills. The castle was the lowland seat of the Duke of Argyll, where Mary, Queen of Scots once stayed in the 16th century.

The original town (of which parts still survive) stands on the sloping ground beneath the castle, in what is now the north-east section of the town. Buildings here are general stone built and two storeys high. The oldest buildings date from the mid-17th century and several 18th century buildings exist. Development spread to the west and south through the 19th century.

The construction of Dollar Academy in the early 19th century, with its extensive grounds created a refocus westwards.

Around 1840 the construction of a new road to Muckhart on lower ground south of the original route, created the current main east-west street. This quickly became the new "town centre" and the focus of shops and public activity.

A map of Dollar from 1945

The town has two war memorials, one for each world war. In the grounds of the Academy a bronze figure with outstretched hands by George Henry Paulin faces westwards and commemorates the fallen of the First World War. This also has names added for Northern Ireland.[5] The dead were largely from the Academy; two non-Academy deaths (the Archibald brothers) are indicated by the word "parish" against their names. The Second World War has a far more modest memorial, in the small public garden on the main road, where the road suddenly twists. Both memorials are by local sculptor George Henry Paulin.

A small museum run by volunteers contains a collection of local items, and much information about the former Devon Valley Railway, which closed to passengers in 1964. The town is now largely a dormitory community for people who work in Stirling and further afield — e.g. Glasgow and Edinburgh.

Location and transport

It is one of the Hillfoots Villages, situated between the Ochil Hills range to the north and the River Devon to the south. Dollar is 12 miles (19 kilometres) east of Stirling on the A91 road to St Andrews. The Devon Valley Railway linking Alloa and Kinross closed to passengers in 1964 and to freight in 1973.

Economy

Attempts were made to mine lead and copper in Dollar Glen from the 18th century and possibly earlier, but these were of no economic significance. Coal mining in the area began around the same time and, until 1973, supplied the Kincardine Power Station, and later, the Longannet Power Station with coal from the Upper Hirst seam. A tiny private non-NCB coal mine operated from the Harviestoun estate from the mid-1970s, partly filling the gap that the closed NCB left, whilst there was still local demand for coal.

In common with the other Hillfoots Villages, the textiles industry played an important part in the town's development. The Harviestoun Brewery was established west of Dollar in 1985, before its move to Alva.

Governance

From 1891 to 1975 the town had its own council.[6] It is now within Clackmannanshire council area. It forms part of the Clackmannanshire East ward which includes Clackmannan, Comely Bank, Dollar & Muckhart. In the 2017 local elections, residents of the ward elected three councillors - one each from the Scottish National Party, the Labour Party and the Conservative Party.[7]

Provosts of Dollar

Dollar had a provost from 1891 to 1975. The provosts were:[8]

James Beveridge Henderson (1891-1893)
David Westwood (1893-1896)
Richard Malcolm FRSGS (1896-1899)
John Drysdale (1899-1902)
M Fisher (1902-1908)
James Benson Green (1908-1913) and (1919-1925)
Lavinia Malcolm (1913-1919), wife of Richard Malcolm (above), the first and only female Provost
Cpt Stewart Fairweather Butchart MC (1925-1931)
C Allsopp (1931-1937)
R Waddell (1937-1939)
J Scott (1939-1943)
P Walton (1943-1946)
Alexander McLean Cowan (1946-1950)
J Crawford Shaw (1950-1953)
J Hewitt (1953-1956)
J Muckersie (1956-1962)
J M Miller (1962-1965)
H Moss (1965-1968)
Dr William Young Galloway (1968-1971) the town GP
E M M Breingan (1971-1975)

Notable people

A sketch of the town of Dollar in the 19th century by Wang Tao

A sketch of the Mill Green in the 19th century by Wang Tao

William Auld (1924-2006) poet and Esperanto author, nominated three times for the Nobel Prize in Literature, lived in Dollar until his death
According to the Pictish Chronicle, Amlaíb Conung, the first Norse king of Dublin, was killed in a battle fought at Dollar around 874, when Constantine I was the king of Scotland.
Robert Burns visited Craufurd Tait in Dollar in 1787, staying on the Harviestoun estate. There he was inspired to write the song "The Banks of Devon"[9]
James Legge, Scottish sinologist[10]
Dollar Academy was founded in 1818 with a bequest from a Dollar native, Captain John McNabb, who had allegedly made his fortune in the slave trade. Amongst the many notable pupils at the Academy are James Dewar, the inventor of the vacuum flask; the grandsons of Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia; the second Presiding Officer (Speaker) of the Scottish Parliament, George Reid; BBC Gaza correspondent Alan Johnston; and political journalist for The Scotsman, the News of the World and The Spectator magazines, Fraser Nelson.
Lavinia Malcolm, Provost of Dollar between 1913-1919, was both the first lady provost and first female town councilor in Scotland (see Dollar Town Council 1891–1975).
The painter J. M. W. Turner visited Dollar and made sketches in the glen.
Alan Longmuir, of Bay City Rollers fame, lived just east of Dollar and owned and operated the Dollar Arms public house for a time.
In the late 1990s, Michael Kulas and Saul Davies, musicians in the English rock group James, also resided and worked out of the old Tea House Cottage, now known as Brewlands, next to Castle Campbell.
The Scottish author Iain Banks studied at the nearby University of Stirling and, in an interview for The South Bank Show in 1997, spoke about using the landscape above Dollar as inspiration for his novels (in particular A Song of Stone).
The biologist Alan Grafen.
The artist Patrick Syme
Internationalist footballer, Steven Caulker's eligibility to play for Scotland is from his grandmother Jessie hailing from Dollar

Education

Dollar Academy (Playfair building)

Dollar Academy is a fee paying school.

Sport

Dollar is home of the Dollar Glen Football Club, an 18-hole golf course (notable for its steep inclines and lack of bunkers), a tennis club, a squash club, a bowling club, and a cricket club. The Ochil Hills that overlook Dollar provide opportunities for mountain biking.

Religion

The ruins of Old Dollar Parish Church

There are three churches, one Church of Scotland, one Scottish Episcopal Church and Ochil Hills Community Church which meets in the Civic Centre.

Twin towns

Dollar is twinned with the French town of La Ville-aux-Dames, which lies just outside Tours in the Loire Valley.

References

"Mid-2016 Population Estimates for Settlements and Localities in Scotland". National Records of Scotland. 12 March 2018. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
"Bruce Baillie, Dollar Museum website, 2002".
"Iain Mac an Tàilleir: Scottish placenames, 2003" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 March 2007.
The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed.). Oxford University Press. 2012. ISBN 9780199580897.
Inscription on Dollar War Memorial
"Dollar Town Council". Retrieved 1 January 2019.
"Clackmananshire Council Elections 2017". Retrieved 1 January 2019.
"Dollar Community". www.dollarcommunity.org.uk.
"Robert Burns Country: The Burns Encyclopedia: Devon, River". www.robertburns.org.
Wong, Y T (1974). "Reviewed Work: Between Tradition and Modernity: Wang T'ao and Reform in Late-Ch'ing China. Harvard East Asian Series, No. 77 by Paul A. Cohen". Monumenta Serica. 31: 619–620. JSTOR 40726188.

External links

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[1] "Mid-2016 Population Estimates for Settlements and Localities in Scotland". National Records of Scotland. 12 March 2018. Retrieved 30 December 2020.

[2] "Bruce Baillie, Dollar Museum website, 2002".

[3] "Iain Mac an Tàilleir: Scottish placenames, 2003" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 March 2007.

[4] The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed.). Oxford University Press. 2012. ISBN 9780199580897.

[5] Inscription on Dollar War Memorial

[6] "Dollar Town Council". Retrieved 1 January 2019.

[7] "Clackmananshire Council Elections 2017". Retrieved 1 January 2019.

[8] "Dollar Community". www.dollarcommunity.org.uk.

[9] "Robert Burns Country: The Burns Encyclopedia: Devon, River". www.robertburns.org.

[10] Wong, Y T (1974). "Reviewed Work: Between Tradition and Modernity: Wang T'ao and Reform in Late-Ch'ing China. Harvard East Asian Series, No. 77 by Paul A. Cohen". Monumenta Serica. 31: 619–620. JSTOR 40726188.