Disodium aurothiomalate
Disodium aurothiomalate is a chemical compound with the formula AuSCH(CO2Na)CH2CO2Na. In conjunction with its monoprotonated derivative, this coordination complex or closely related species are used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, under the tradename Myochrysine.[1] The thiomalate is racemic in most formulation.
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| Routes of administration | Intramuscular injection |
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| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | 0% |
| Excretion | Renal, very slow |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.151.944  |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C4H3AuNa2O4S |
| Molar mass | 390.07 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
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Structure
Disodium aurothiomalate is a coordination polymer. The salt CsNa2Au2T(TH) salt (T = thiomalate3−, TH = monoprotonated thiomalate2−) is related to disodium aurothiomalate but is easier to crystallise and characterise by X-ray crystallography. The compound is polymeric with Au-S-Au-S... chains with succinoyl groups attached to the sulfur atoms.[2] The structure of the related drug Aurothioglucose is also polymeric with two-coordinate gold(I) centers.[1] In such compounds, the efficacy results from the compound in solution, the structures of such solution species are often poorly understood. Medical texts sometimes suggest that free Au+ ions exist in this and related gold(I) compounds, but the Au-thiolate bonding is highly covalent and free gold ions do not exist in solution. Whereas simple gold thiolates are lipophilic, the carboxylate substituents render disodium aurothiomalate soluble in water.
Disodium aurothiomalate contains no Au-C bonds, so it is not an organometallic compound in the formal sense.
Mechanism of action
The mechanism of action of disodium aurothimalate is unknown.
Side effects
Disodium aurothiomalate can cause photosensitive rashes, gastrointestinal disturbance, and kidney damage.
References
- Shaw III CF (September 1999). "Gold-based therapeutic agents". Chemical Reviews. 99 (9): 2589–600. doi:10.1021/cr980431o. PMID 11749494.
- Bau R (1998). "Crystal Structure of the Antiarthritic Drug Gold Thiomalate (Myochrysine): A Double-Helical Geometry in the Solid State". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 120 (36): 9380–1. doi:10.1021/ja9819763.