Der Schatzgräber

Der Schatzgräber (The Treasure Hunter) is an opera in four acts, with a prologue and an epilogue, by Franz Schreker, libretto by the composer.

Der Schatzgräber
Opera by Franz Schreker
The composer in 1912
TranslationThe Treasure Hunter
LibrettistSchreker
LanguageGerman
Premiere
21 January 1920 (1920-01-21)
Oper Frankfurt

Composition history

Schreker composed the opera between 1915 and 1918. He dated the completed manuscript full score 12 November 1918.[1] The score is published by Universal Edition Vienna.[2]

Performance history
The opera house in Frankfurt 1880–1945

The opera was first performed on 21 January 1920 by the Oper Frankfurt, conducted by Ludwig Rottenberg.[3] It was Schreker's most (but also his last) successful opera.[1] It received 354 performances in over fifty cities between 1920 and 1924/1925, but after the change in the cultural and political climate in Germany, only a further 31 performances took place until 1932.[1] Under the Nazis (who took power in 1933) Schreker's music was banned due to his Jewish ancestry.[4]

The first performance at the Vienna State Opera took place on 18 October 1922, conducted by Franz Schalk, with a cast including Nikolaus Zek, Fritz Krenn, Karl Norbert, Richard Schubert, Richard Tauber and Gertrud Kappel.[5]

In 1922, Schreker prepared a Symphonic Interlude for concert performance, mainly drawn from the orchestral interlude from act 3. This was premiered by the Concertgebouw Orchestra conducted by Willem Mengelberg in October 1923.[3]

The opera was revived in a concert performance conducted by Robert Heger in 1968, followed by another concert performance in Vienna under Lothar Zagrosek in 1985. Fully staged productions followed at the Theater St. Gallen (1988) and the Hamburg State Opera (1989).[3]

The Netherlands Opera, Amsterdam staged a new production by Pierre Audi, conducted by Marc Albrecht and directed by Ivo van Hove, in September 2012.[6]

Roles
Roles, voice types, premiere cast
Role[2] Voice type Premiere cast, 21 January 1920[7]
Conductor: Ludwig Rottenberg
The kinghigh bassHans Erl
The queensilent partMarta Uersfeld
The chancellortenorHermann Schramm
The countbaritoneRudolf Brinkmann
The schoolmasterbass
The fool (der Narr)tenorErik Wirl
The bailiff (der Vogt)baritoneRobert vom Scheidt
The young noblemanbaritone or high bass
Elis, a minstreltenorJohn Gläser
The mayorbassCarl Bauermann
The scribetenorOtto Weindel
The innkeeperbassJosef Gareis
ElssopranoEmma Hol
Albilyric tenorFranz Wartenberg
A soldierlow bassArthur Simon
First citizentenorHermann Schramm
Second citizenbaritoneRobert vom Scheidt
Third citizenbassArthur Simon
First old maidmezzo-soprano
Second old maidmezzo-soprano (or contralto)
A womancontralto (or mezzo-soprano)

Synopsis
The opera is set in legendary medieval times.

Prologue

The queen has lost her jewels, and with them her beauty and fertility. The king seeks the advice of his fool who knows about Elis, a wandering minstrel whose magic lute has the ability to hunt down hidden treasure. The king promises the fool that he will be allowed to have a wife of his choice as a reward, if Elis can find the jewels.

Act 1

Els, daughter of the innkeeper, has to marry a brutal but rich young nobleman she despises. She therefore sends him away to find the queen's jewels, and has him murdered by Albi, her servant, who is in love with her. The minstrel Elis has meanwhile found his way to the inn and presents Els with an ornament he has found in the woods. Els falls in love with the young minstrel, but then the body of the dead nobleman is found in the woods; the bailiff, who wants Els for himself, arrests Elis on suspicion of murder.

Act 2

Elis is to be hanged for his crime. Els asks the fool for help, who assures her that all will turn out well. The king's messenger stops the execution at the last moment, so Elis can go in search of the jewels. To avoid being exposed as the thief, Els orders Albi to steal the minstrel's magic lute.

Act 3

During a night of love, Els presents herself to Elis in the full beauty of the jewels. She hands over the jewellery to him, on condition that he will never ask her about their provenance, and will always trust her.

Act 4

Elis has returned the jewels to the queen. During a celebration, the bailiff intervenes and announces that Albi has confessed to the murder. Els is denounced as the instigator of the murder, and the bailiff demands her immediate execution. But the fool, reminding the king of his promise, chooses Els as his wife and thus saves her from being executed. They go off together.

Epilogue

It is one year later and Els is dying. Only the fool has remained with her. He fetches Elis, who sings his most beautiful ballad for Els about a fairy-tale palace where they will be welcomed as Prince and Princess. Consoled, she dies in the minstrel's arms. The Fool mourns her death.

Instrumentation

The orchestral score requires:

Recordings

References
  1. Der Schatzgräber (CD liner). Franz Schreker. Capriccio. 1990. 60010-2.CS1 maint: others (link)
  2. "Franz Schreker: Der Schatzgräber". Universal Edition. Retrieved 1 August 2010.
  3. Christopher Hailey: Franz Schreker: A Cultural Biography (Cambridge University Press, 1993)
  4. "A Footnote Gets His Spotlight at Last" by Steve Smith, The New York Times, 2 August 2010
  5. Neue Freie Presse, 18 October 1922, p. 13
  6. "Franz Schreker's Triumphant Return" by George Loomis, The New York Times, 18 September 2012
  7. Casaglia, Gherardo (2005)."Der Schatzgräber, 21 January 1920". L'Almanacco di Gherardo Casaglia (in Italian).
  8. https://www.challengerecords.com/products/1363633898

Further reading
  • Batta, András, Opera – Komponisten, Werke, Interpreten. Könemann, 2000, (Dutch translation)
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