Delhi Republic Day parade

The Delhi Republic Day parade is the largest and most important of the parades marking the Republic Day celebrations in India. The parade takes place every year on the 26th of January at Rajpath, New Delhi. It is the main attraction of India's Republic Day celebrations, which last for three days. The first parade was held in 1950, and it has been held every year since.

Delhi Republic Day parade
Clockwise from top left: CISF marching contingent (2017); tableau of Karnataka (2010); a C-17 Globemaster flanked by two Su-30 MKIs (2018); T-90 tanks (2016); daredevil riders of BSF (2014); bird’s eye view of Rajpath (2013).
GenreNational patriotic parade
Begins26 January
Ends26 January
FrequencyAnnual
Location(s)New Delhi, India
Inaugurated1950
Most recent2021
Previous event26 January 2021
Next event26 January 2022
Organised bySection D, Ministry of Defence[1]
Websiterepublicday.nic.in

The parade marches from the Rashtrapati Bhawan along the Rajpath, upto India Gate. It opens with the unfurling of the national flag by the President of India. This is followed by marching from several regiments of the Army, Navy, and Air Force, along with their bands. Tableaus from various states signifying their cultures are displayed. A beating retreat ceremony signifies the end of the parade.

History
President Rajendra Prasad (in the horse-drawn carriage) readies to take part in the first Republic Day parade on Rajpath, New Delhi, in 1950.

The first Republic Day Parade was held on 26 January 1950, during which the President of Indonesia Sukarno was the chief guest. The flypast of that parade included aircraft such as Harvards, Consolidated B-24 Liberators, Dakotas, Hawker Tempest, Spitfires and jet planes comprising a total of more than a hundred aircraft.[2]

Parade
The unique BSF Camel Contingent during the annual Republic Day Parade in 2004.

To mark the importance of the Republic Day, every year a grand parade is held in the capital, New Delhi, from the Raisina Hill Rashtrapati Bhavan (the President's residence), along the Rajpath, past India Gate.[3] Prior to its commencement, the Prime Minister lays a floral wreath at the Amar Jawan Jyoti, a memorial to fallen soldiers at the National War Memorial at one end of Rajpath, which is followed by two minutes silence in the memory of fallen soldiers. It is a solemn reminder of the sacrifice of the martyrs who died for the country in the freedom movement and the succeeding wars for the defence of sovereignty of India, as well as in UN peacekeeping operations and disaster relief work abroad. Thereafter he/she reaches the main dias at Rajpath to join other dignitaries, subsequently the President arrives along with the chief guest of the occasion. They are escorted on horseback by the President's Bodyguard.

First, the president unfurls the National flag, as the National Anthem is played, and a 21-gun salute is given as the PBG renders the National Salute. Next, important awards like the Ashok Chakra and Kirti Chakra are given away by the President. The President comes forward to award the medals of bravery to the people from the armed forces for their exceptional courage in the field and also the civilians, who have distinguished themselves by their different acts of valour in different situations, either in military, civilian or disaster scenarios. This is followed by the regiments of Armed Forces starting their march past, led by the parade commander and his second in command, followed by living receipents of gallantry medals of the Republic. Following the march past of the armed forces follows the march of personnel belonging to the federal security organizations and the Delhi Police, which marches also on behalf of all territorial, state, city and municipal police forces. Children who are recipients of the National Bravery Award ride past the spectators on colourfully decorated elephants or vehicles.[4]

An overview of the 55th Republic Day Parade from India Gate in 2004.

Nine to twelve different regiments of the Indian Army in addition to the Navy, and Air Force with their bands march past in all their finery and official decorations. The President of India who is the Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Armed Forces, takes the salute. Twelve contingents of various para-military forces of India and other civil forces also take part in this parade.[5] One of the unique sights of the parade is the camel mounted Border Security Force contingent, which is the only camel mounted military force in the world. The best N.C.C. cadets, selected from all over the country consider it an honour to participate in this event, as do the school children from various schools in the capital. They spend many days preparing for the event and no expense is spared to see that every detail is taken care of, from their practice for the drills, the essential props and their uniforms. 22 to 30 floats exhibiting the cultures of the various states and union territories of India, including floats of union ministries and state enterprises are in the grand parade, which is broadcast nationwide on television and radio. These moving exhibits depict scenes of activities of people in those states and the music and songs of that particular state accompany each display. Each display brings out the diversity and richness of the culture of India and the whole show lends a festive air to the occasion.[6] Around 1200 schoolchildren present cultural dances as part of the parade.[7] The 2016 Republic Day marked the return of K-9 Dog Squad to the parade after 26 years.[8]

The parade traditionally ends with dare devil motor cycle riding display by motorcycle units of the Armed Forces and civil security services and a flypast by the Indian Air Force jets and helicopters.[9] In 2019, the flypast included aircraft such as Su 30 MKI, Jaguar, Mig 29, C-17 Globemaster and HAL Rudra.[10]

A full dress rehearsal parade is organised on 23 January every year.[11]

Tableaux
The tableau of Kerala passes through the Rajpath, on the occasion of the 69th Republic Day Parade 2018, in New Delhi on 26 January 2018

The selection process of the tableaux is conducted by the Ministry of Defence, which involves a number of guidelines. The ministry recommends that tableaux represent a historical event, heritage, culture, development programmes and environment. The tableaux must not carry any logos and should carry some animation and sound.[12]

Proposals are invited from Ministries and departments of the Indian government, and from states and union territories of India within a fixed deadline. The proposals are examined by a committee of experts from arts fields. The examination process involves 2 rounds. The first round provides suggestions for modifications, after evaluating the sketches and designs. The second round evaluates three-dimensional models, after which a final judgement is passed by the committee.[12]

Beating Retreat
See also: Military Music Wing, Indian military bands, Indian Army Chief's Band, Deshon Ka Sartaj Bharat, and Samman Guard
The Band performing at Beating Retreat ceremony at Vijay Chowk on 29 January 2018.

The Indian Beating Retreat ceremony officially denotes the end of Republic Day festivities. It is conducted on the evening of 29 January, the third day after the Republic Day. It is performed by the bands of the three wings of the military, the Indian Army, Indian Navy and Indian Air Force. The venue is Raisina Hills and an adjacent square, Vijay Chowk, flanked by the north and south block of the Rashtrapati Bhavan (President's Palace) towards the end of Rajpath.

The Chief Guest of the function is the President of India who arrives escorted by the Presidential Body Guard (PBG), a cavalry unit. When the President arrives, the PBG commander asks the unit to give the National Salute, which is followed by playing of the Indian National Anthem, Jana Gana Mana, by the Army developed the ceremony of display by the massed bands in which Military Bands, Pipe and Drum Bands, Buglers and Trumpeters from various Army Regiments besides bands from the Navy and Air Force take part which play popular tunes like Abide With Me, National Song of India, Vande Mataram, Mahatma Gandhi's favourite hymn Vaishnava Jana To, and Saare Jahan Se Achcha at the end.[13][14][15]

Mostly, after Republic Day Celeberations Schools and Colleges Observe Holiday on 27 January.

Guest contingents

In 2016, French Army soldiers and a French Army Band took part in the 67th Republic Day parade. This marked the first time since the beginning of the parade in 1950, that a foreign army contingent marched down the Rajpath during the Republic Day parade.

YearCountryUnitNotes Photo
2016[16] France35th Infantry RegimentThe Regiment was accompanied by the French Army Band.
2017[17] UAEUnited Arab Emirates Presidential GuardA 149-member contingent from the Presidential Guard, as well as the 35-member United Arab Emirates Armed Forces Band.[18]
2021[19] BangladeshBangladesh Armed ForcesA 122-member team took part to honour the 50th anniversary of the Bangladesh Liberation War.[20]

Awards

Best marching contingents
YearBest marching contingent among the three services (led by)Best marching contingent among paramilitary forces and other auxiliary marching contingents
1983National Cadet Corps (Senior Under Officer Ubhay Bharti Trikha)
1991Madras Engineer Group (Second Lieutenant Vivek Jaswal)
1994Gorkha Regiment (Major J. S. Tanwar)
1995Gorkha Regiment
1996Brigade of the Guards (Captain Arun Malik)
1997Madras Engineer Group (Lieutenant Pranay Dangwal)Border Security Force
1998Bombay Engineer Group (Captain Atul Suryavanshi)Indo-Tibetan Border Police
1999Bihar Regiment Indo-Tibetan Border Police
2000Indian Air Force Indo-Tibetan Border Police
2001Madras RegimentDelhi Police
2002Indian Navy Delhi Police
2003Madras Engineer GroupDelhi Police
2004Indian Navy Indo-Tibetan Border Police
2005[21]Sikh RegimentDelhi Police
2006Bihar Regiment Delhi Police
2007Jat RegimentCentral Industrial Security Force
2008Rajputana RiflesCentral Industrial Security Force
2009[22]Territorial ArmyCentral Reserve Police Force
2010[23]Dogra RegimentCentral Reserve Police Force
2011Indian Air ForceIndo-Tibetan Border Police
2012[24]Indian Air ForceBorder Security Force
2013[25]Indian Air Force and Indian NavyCentral Industrial Security Force
2014[26]Sikh Light InfantryCentral Reserve Police Force
2015[27]Brigade of the Guards and Sikh RegimentCentral Industrial Security Force
2016[28]Assam RegimentBorder Security Force
2017[29]Bihar RegimentCentral Industrial Security Force
2018[30]Punjab RegimentIndo-Tibetan Border Police
2019[31]Gorkha RegimentCentral Reserve Police Force
2020[32][33]Indian Air ForceCentral Industrial Security Force
2021[34]Jat RegimentDelhi Police

Best three tableaux
YearFirstSecondThird
1980Maharashtra
1981Goa[35]
1983Maharashtra
1988Goa[35]
1989PunjabGoa[35]
1990Goa[35]
1991Goa[35]
1993Maharashtra
1994Maharashtra
1995MaharashtraGoa[35]
2000Goa[35]
2001RajasthanMinistry of RailwaysGujarat and Jammu and Kashmir
2002Jammu and Kashmir
2003GoaAssamUttar Pradesh
2005[21]KarnatakaMinistry of Law and JusticeUttar Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir and Ministry of Railways
2007[36]OdishaMinistry of CultureMaharashtra
2008KeralaKarnatakaMinistry of Human Resource Development
2009[22]KeralaMaharashtraTamil Nadu and Jammu and Kashmir
2010[23]Ministry of CultureGoaChhattisgarh
2011DelhiKarnatakaRajasthan
2012[24]Ministry of Human Resource DevelopmentGoaKarnataka
2013[25]KeralaRajasthanChhattisgarh
2014[26]West BengalTamil NaduAssam
2015[27]MaharashtraJharkhandKarnataka
2016[28]West BengalTripuraAssam
2017[29]Arunachal PradeshTripuraMaharashtra and Tamil Nadu
2018[30] Maharashtra Assam Chhattisgarh
2019[31]TripuraJammu and KashmirPunjab
2020[37] Assam Odisha Uttar Pradesh
2021[38] Uttar Pradesh Tripura Uttarakhand

Best tableaux among the Ministries and Department

Year Ministry / Department
2020[39] National Disaster Response Force and Ministry of Jal Shakti

See also

Notes
1.^ On each of these occasions, Lady Edwina Mountbatten from United Kingdom was also the official guest for the parade.[40][41]
2.^ Duke of Edinburgh Prince Philip also accompanied Queen Elizabeth II during the parade.[42]
3.^ Danish Prime Minister attended Republic Day in Madras (Chennai).[43]
4.^ No invitations were sent out possibly due to the demise of Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri on 11 January 1966 in Tashkent. The new government headed by Indira Gandhi was sworn on 24 January 1966 (only two days before the Republic Day).[44]
5.^ For the first time, the President of India (Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan) could not take the salute at the Republic Day parade due to ill-health.[45] Zahir Shah arrived on 28 January.[46]
6.^ Attended only the Beating Retreat[47][48]

References
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  2. "10 things you did not know about Republic Day". India Today. 26 January 2015. Retrieved 16 January 2020.
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  5. "Chap". Mod.nic.in. Archived from the original on 7 March 2011. Retrieved 22 July 2012.
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  12. Das, Anjishnu (8 January 2020). "Why only some states get to have Republic Day tableau". The Times of India. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
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