Declarations of war during World War I

A declaration of war is a formal act by which one nation goes to war against another. A declaration is usually an act of delivering a performative speech (not to be confused with a mere speech) or the presentation of a signed document by an authorized party of a national government in order to create a state of war between two or more sovereign states. In the context of World War I, the official international protocol for declaring war was defined in the Hague Convention of 1907 (or Hague II).[1] For the diplomatic maneuvering behind these events, which led to hostilities between nations, see Diplomatic history of World War I.

List of war declarations

Below is a table showing the outbreaks of wars between nations which occurred during World War I. Indicated are the dates (during the immediate build-up to, or during the course of, World War I) from which a de facto state of war existed between nations. The table shows both the initiator state(s) and the state at which the declaration of war was aimed, or targeted state(s). Events listed include those in which there were a simple diplomatic breaking of relations that did not involve any physical attack, as well as those involving overt declarations or acts of aggression.

Date[2][3] Initiator state(s)Targeted state(s)
July 28, 1914  Austria-Hungary  Kingdom of Serbia
August 1, 1914  German Empire  Russian Empire
August 3, 1914  Belgium
August 3, 1914  France
August 4, 1914  British Empire  German Empire
August 5, 1914  Kingdom of Montenegro  Austria-Hungary
August 6, 1914  Austria-Hungary  Russian Empire
August 6, 1914  Kingdom of Serbia  German Empire
August 8, 1914  Kingdom of Montenegro
August 12, 1914  British Empire  Austria-Hungary
 France
August 23, 1914  Empire of Japan  German Empire
August 25, 1914  Austria-Hungary
August 28, 1914  Austria-Hungary  Belgium
November 1, 1914  Russian Empire  Ottoman Empire
November 5, 1914  France
 British Empire
November 11, 1914  Ottoman Empire  Russian Empire
November 11, 1914  Empire of Japan
November 11, 1914  British Empire
December 2, 1914  Kingdom of Serbia  Ottoman Empire
December 3, 1914  Kingdom of Montenegro
December 5, 1914  Empire of Japan
May 23, 1915  Kingdom of Italy  Austria-Hungary
August 21, 1915  Kingdom of Italy  Ottoman Empire
August 28, 1916  German Empire
October 14, 1915  Kingdom of Bulgaria  Kingdom of Serbia
October 15, 1915  British Empire  Kingdom of Bulgaria
October 15, 1915  Kingdom of Montenegro
October 16, 1915  Empire of Japan
October 16, 1915  France
October 19, 1915  Kingdom of Italy
October 19, 1915  Russian Empire
March 9, 1916  German Empire  Portugal
March 15, 1916  Austria-Hungary
August 28, 1916  Kingdom of Romania  Austria-Hungary
August 30, 1916  Ottoman Empire  Kingdom of Romania
September 1, 1916  Kingdom of Bulgaria
April 6, 1917  United States  German Empire
April 7, 1917  Panama
April 7, 1917  Cuba
June 27, 1917  Kingdom of Greece  Austria-Hungary
June 27, 1917  German Empire
June 27, 1917  Kingdom of Bulgaria
June 27, 1917  Ottoman Empire
July 22, 1917  Thailand  Austria-Hungary
July 22, 1917  German Empire
August 4, 1917  Liberia
August 14, 1917 Republic of China  Austria-Hungary
August 14, 1917  German Empire
October 26, 1917  Brazil
December 7, 1917  United States  Austria-Hungary
December 10, 1917  Panama
April 23, 1918  Guatemala  German Empire
May 6, 1918  Nicaragua  Austria-Hungary
May 6, 1918  German Empire
May 23, 1918  Costa Rica
July 12, 1918  Haiti
July 19, 1918  Honduras

See also

References
  1. On the Opening of Hostilities; 1907; Yale Law School Library; retrieved March 2014.
  2. "World War: Declarations of War from Around the World". Library of Congress.
  3. "Who Declared War and When". Firstworldwar.com.
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