Daura

Daura is a town and Local Government Area in Katsina State, northern Nigeria. It is the spiritual home of the Hausa people. The emirate is referred to as one of the "seven true Hausa states" (Hausa Bakwai)[1] because it was, (along with Biram, Kano, Katsina, Zazzau, Gobir, and Rano), ruled by the descendants of Bayajidda's sons with Daurama and Magira (his first wife).[2] The University of California's African American Studies Department refers to Daura, as well as Katsina, as having been "ancient seats of Islamic culture and learning."[3]

For the emirate, see Daura Emirate. For people, see Daura (surname).

Daura
LGA and Town
Daura
Location in Nigeria
Coordinates: 13°2′11″N 8°19′4″E
CountryNigeria
StateKatsina
Local Government AreaDaura
Government
 • EmirFaruk Umar Faruk
Elevation
1,558 ft (474 m)
Time zoneUTC+1 (West Africa Time)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+1 (West Africa Time)

History

Daura is the city that Bayajidda, a figure from Hausa mythology, arrived at after his trek across the Sahara.[2] Once there, he killed a snake (named Sarki, meaning "King") who prevented the people from drawing water from the well, and the local queen, Magajiya Daurama, married him out of gratitude; one of their seven children was named Daura.[2] The Kusugu Well in Daura where Bayajidda is said to have slain Sarki is protected by a wooden shelter[4] and has become a tourist attraction.[5]

In 1805, during the Fulani War, Daura was taken over by Fulani warrior Malam Ishaku, who set up an emirate. The Hausa set up rival states nearby, and the ruler of one, Malam Musa, was made the new emir of Daura by the British in 1904,[1] While Fulani emirs reigned and established a rival kingdoms at Daure-Zango (Zango) and at Daure-Baure (Baure). Zango (founded in 1825) was the more prominent Hausa-Daura kingdom, and in 1903–04, after the British and French had divided the three Daura polities, the British installed Zango's king, Malam Musa, as the new emir of Daura. Part of former North-Central state after 1967, the traditional emirate was incorporated into Kaduna state in 1976.[1] It became part of the newly created Katsina state in 1987.[6] Faruk Umar Faruk became the 60th Emir of Daura on 28 Feb 2007 following the death of Sarkin Muhammadu Bashar dan Umaru.[7]

Emirate
Main article: Daura Emirate

The Daura Royal Palace ‘Kangiwa’ is a huge complex located in the centre of the ancient city. It is a symbol of culture, history and traditions of ‘Daurawa’. The Daura Emirate is referred to as one of the "seven true Hausa states" (Hausa Bakwai)[1]

The emir of daura is the only emir that can give hausa title.[8] This made it the supreme of hausa emirates all over the universe and the only hausa kingdom.

In 1805, during the Fulani War, Daura was taken over by Fulani warrior Malam Ishaku, who set up an emirate. The Hausa set up rival states nearby, and the ruler of one, Malam Musa, was made the new emir of Daura by the British in 1904.[1] , the Emir of Daura still rules as a ceremonial hereditary monarch, and maintains a palace.[9] Umar Faruk Umar became the 60th Emir of Daura on 28 February 2007 following the death of Sarki Muhammadu Bashar Dan Umaru.[7]

Economy

Trade in Daura is primarily in sorghum, millet, onions, peanuts (groundnuts), cotton, and hides and skins; cattle, goats, sheep, horses, and donkeys are kept by its Hausa and Fulani inhabitants. Cotton weaving and peanut collecting (for export) are significant economic activities. The town is served by a government health office and a dispensary. However, Daura town became a caravan centre for salt and potash from the Sahara Desert and for cloth, slaves, leather, and agricultural produce from the south; but it never gained the political or military prominence of Katsina (49 miles [79 km] west) or of Kano (73 miles [117 km] south). Daura is one among the few where crops are grown all the year round. Apart from Government's encouragement and general incentives to both large and small scale as well as peasant farming over the year, has been quite commendable

Education

Daura is a centre of both formal and informal education. The education system is the 6-3-3-4 system, which is practised throughout the country (as well as by many other members of the Economic Community of West African States). The levels are Primary, Junior Secondary School (JSS), Senior Secondary School (SSS), and university. All children are offered basic education, with special focus now on the first nine years. Daura is home to various primary, secondary, postsecondary schools, and other vocational institutions that are either operated by the government or private entities.

Durbar Festival

The emir of Daura hosts a Durbar to mark and celebrate the two annual Muslim festivals Eid al-Fitr (to mark the end of the Holy Month of Ramadan) and Eid al-Adha (to mark the Hajj Holy Pilgrimage). In addition to them he also hosts a Durbar of Gani which is celebrated often on the 12th day of Rabi' al-awwal, the third month in the Islamic calendar.

The Durbar culminates in a procession of highly elaborately dressed horsemen who pass through the city to the emir's palace. Once assembled near the palace, groups of horsemen, each group representing a nearby village, take it in turns to charge toward the emir, pulling up just feet in front of the seated dignitaries to offer their respect and allegiance.

Demography

The Hausa people (sometimes grouped with the Fulani as Hausa-Fulani) are the largest ethnic group.

Health Care

Daura has many hospitals and medical facilities, The Daura healthcare system is generally divided into public and private sectors which provide medical services at the primary and secondary levels. Although the private hospitals are usually more expensive, it does not necessarily translate to better healthcare delivery.

Population and geographic statistics

Daura's population was estimated as 25,151 as of 1972.[1] According to the MARA/ARMA organization, malaria affects Daura for four to six months of the year, and is "endemic and seasonal."[10] In 2005, after an outbreak of measles in Katsina State, Daura became one of five training centers for workers who were to carry out immunization.[11]

On vehicle license plates, Daura is abbreviated as DRA.[12]

Notable People from Daura
  • Muhammadu Buhari, Military Head of State 1983-1985, Chairman PTF and President of Nigeria since 2015.
  • Faruk Umar Faruk, Current and 60th Emir of Daura
  • Alhaji Usman Daura (Dan-Kurma), Chief security officer Presidential Villa 1981-1989. First Commissioner of Police FCT Abuja 1990, retired as Assistant Inspector General of Police 1999.
  • Sani Ahmed Daura, First Governor of Yobe State 1991–1998
  • Sani Zangon Daura, Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development 1999 – 2000, Minister of Environment 2000 – 2001
  • Ja'afar Mahmud Adam, Salafist Islamic scholar aligned with the Izala Society
  • Lawal Musa Daura, Director General of the Nigerian State Security Service
  • Mallam Mamman Daura, Editor of the New Nigerian (1969–1975), Chairman of Nigerian Television Authority (1984–1985), former board director and chairman of the Africa International Bank
  • Habu Daura, Acting Governor of Bayelsa State, from February to June 1997
  • Ambassador Mamman Daura former Director-General of Technical Aid Corps, Nigeria's ambassador to Uganda, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Belgium and Cameroon

See also

References
  1. "Daura". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved 21 December 2006.
  2. Dierk Lange. "Oral version of the Bayajidda legend" (PDF). Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa. Retrieved 21 December 2006.
  3. "African Films and Documentaries: Daura and Katsina, Nigeria. The Hausa Woman". University of California's African American Studies Department. Retrieved 24 January 2007.
  4. Bature, Abdullahi; Russel G. Schuh. "Gani Ya Kori Ji" (PDF). Hausar Baka. World of Languages. Retrieved 20 January 2007.
  5. "Katsina State". NGEX, LLC. Retrieved 20 January 2007.
  6. "Katsina State". Nigeria Direct. Federal Ministry of Information and National Orientation. Archived from the original on 13 December 2006. Retrieved 20 January 2007.
  7. "Traditional States of Nigeria". World Statesmen. Retrieved 15 September 2010.
  8. https://guardian.ng/news/only-daura-qualifies-to-give-hausa-titles/
  9. "INEC registers 1.8m voters in Katsina". The Tide Online. Rivers State Newspaper Corporation. 9 January 2007. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 24 January 2007.
  10. "Nigeria: Duration of the Malaria Transmission Season" (PDF). mara.org.za. MARA/ARMA (Mapping Malaria Risk in Africa / Atlas du Risque de la Malaria en Afrique). July 2001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 September 2006. Retrieved 24 January 2007.
  11. "Measles kills 500 children in Katsina". The Tide Online. Rivers State Newspaper Corporation. 25 October 2005. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 24 January 2007.
  12. "NGR - Nigeria - Where's That Vehicle Come From?". Where's That Vehicle Come From?. Retrieved 24 January 2007.
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