Darlington (UK Parliament constituency)

Darlington is the parliamentary constituency for the market town of the same name in County Durham in the North East of England. It is currently represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament by Peter Gibson of the Conservative Party, who first became its MP in 2019.[n 1]

Darlington
Borough constituency for the House of Commons
Boundary of Darlington in County Durham
Location of County Durham within England
County	County Durham
Electorate	66,397 (December 2019)[1]
Major settlements	Darlington
Current constituency
Created	1868
Member of Parliament	Peter Gibson (Conservative)
Number of members	One
Created from	South Durham

History

The constituency was created for the 1868 election[n 2] and covers the market town of Darlington in County Durham. The seat has been held by all three major parties in its long existence, but has been a marginal constituency between the Labour and Conservative parties in the years since the Second World War. Labour held the seat for 27 years from 1992 with their candidate Jenny Chapman winning the seat in 2010 with a 3,388 majority down from 10,404 in the previous election. In 2015, her majority over the Conservatives fell to 3,158. In the UK General election 2019 Conservative Peter Gibson defeated Chapman with a 3,294 majority.

Boundaries

1868–1885: The townships of Darlington, Haughton-le-Skerne, and Cockerton.[2]

1918–1983: The County Borough of Darlington.

1983–2010: The Borough of Darlington wards of Bank Top, Central, Cockerton East, Cockerton West, College, Eastbourne North, Eastbourne South, Harrowgate Hill, Haughton East, Haughton West, Hummersknott, Lascelles, Lingfield, Mowden, Northgate North, Northgate South, North Road, Park East, Park West, and Pierremont.

2010–2015: The Borough of Darlington wards of Bank Top, Central, Cockerton East, Cockerton West, College, Eastbourne, Faverdale, Harrowgate Hill, Haughton East, Haughton North, Haughton West, Hummersknott, Lascelles, Lingfield, Mowden, Northgate, North Road, Park East, Park West, and Pierremont.

2015–present: The Borough of Darlington wards of Bank Top and Lascelles, Brinkburn and Faverdale, Cockerton, College, Eastbourne, Harrowgate Hill, Haughton and Springfield, Hummersknott, Mowden, Northgate, North Road, Park East, Park West, Pierremont, Red Hall and Lingfield, Stephenson, and Whinfield.

Members of Parliament

Election	Member[3]	Party
1868	Edmund Backhouse		Liberal
1880	Theodore Fry		Liberal
1895	Arthur Pease		Liberal Unionist
1898 by-election	Herbert Pease		Liberal Unionist
1910	Trebitsch Lincoln		Liberal
1910	Herbert Pease		Unionist
1923 by-election	William Edwin Pease		Unionist
1926 by-election	Arthur Shepherd		Labour
1931	Charles Peat		Conservative
1945	David Hardman		Labour
1951	Fergus Graham		Conservative
1959	Anthony Bourne-Arton		Conservative
1964	Ted Fletcher		Labour
1983 by-election	Oswald O'Brien		Labour
1983	Michael Fallon		Conservative
1992	Alan Milburn		Labour
2010	Jenny Chapman		Labour
2019	Peter Gibson		Conservative

Elections

Elections in the 2010s

General election 2019: Darlington[4][1]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Peter Gibson	20,901	48.1	+4.8
	Labour	Jenny Chapman	17,607	40.5	–10.1
	Liberal Democrats	Anne-Marie Curry	2,097	4.8	+2.5
	Brexit Party	Dave Mawson	1,544	3.5	New
	Green	Matthew Snedker	1,057	2.4	+1.2
	Independent	Monty Brack	292	0.7	New
Majority			3,294	7.6	New
Turnout			43,579	65.6	−2.0
	Conservative gain from Labour		Swing	+7.4

General election 2017: Darlington

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Jenny Chapman[5]	22,681	50.6	+7.7
	Conservative	Peter Cuthbertson[6]	19,401	43.3	+8.1
	UKIP	Kevin Brack	1,180	2.6	−10.5
	Liberal Democrats	Anne-Marie Curry	1,031	2.3	−2.5
	Green	Matthew Snedker	524	1.2	−2.3
Majority			3,280	7.3	−0.4
Turnout			44,817	67.6	+5.1
	Labour hold		Swing	−0.2

General election 2015: Darlington[7]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Jenny Chapman	17,637	42.9	+3.5
	Conservative	Peter Cuthbertson[8]	14,479	35.2	+3.7
	UKIP	David Hodgson[9]	5,392	13.1	+10.3
	Liberal Democrats	Anne-Marie Curry[10]	1,966	4.8	−18.6
	Green	Michael Cherrington[11]	1,444	3.5	New
	TUSC	Alan Docherty [12]	223	0.5	New
Majority			3,158	7.7	−0.2
Turnout			41,141	62.5	+0.6
	Labour hold		Swing	−0.1

In the 2015 election, 89 ballot papers were issued omitting the UKIP candidate before the error was corrected.[13]

General election 2010: Darlington[14][15]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Jenny Chapman	16,891	39.4	−13.0
	Conservative	Edward Legard	13,503	31.5	+5.5
	Liberal Democrats	Mike Barker	10,046	23.4	+4.9
	BNP	Amanda Foster	1,262	2.9	New
	UKIP	Charlotte Bull	1,194	2.8	+0.9
Majority			3,388	7.9
Turnout			42,896	61.9	+1.6
	Labour hold		Swing	−9.2

Elections in the 2000s

General election 2005: Darlington[16]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Alan Milburn	20,643	52.4	−3.9
	Conservative	Anthony Frieze	10,239	26.0	−4.3
	Liberal Democrats	Robert Adamson	7,269	18.5	+7.6
	UKIP	John Hoodless	730	1.9	New
	Veritas	David Davies	507	1.3	New
Majority			10,404	26.4	+0.4
Turnout			39,388	60.88[17]	−1.7
	Labour hold		Swing	+0.2

General election 2001: Darlington[18]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Alan Milburn	22,479	56.3	−5.2
	Conservative	Tony Richmond	12,095	30.3	+2.0
	Liberal Democrats	Robert Adamson	4,358	10.9	+3.7
	Socialist Alliance	Alan Docherty	469	1.2	New
	Independent	Craig Platt	269	0.7	New
	Socialist Labour	Amanda Rose	229	0.6	New
Majority			10,384	26.0	-7.3
Turnout			39,899	62.1[17]	−11.9
	Labour hold		Swing	−3.6

Elections in the 1990s

General election 1997: Darlington[19][20]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Alan Milburn	29,658	61.6	+13.5
	Conservative	Peter Scrope	13,633	28.3	−14.7
	Liberal Democrats	Leslie Boxell	3,483	7.2	−1.1
	Referendum	Michael Blakey	1,399	2.9	New
Majority			16,025	33.3	+28.2
Turnout			48,172	73.9	-9.7
	Labour hold		Swing

General election 1992: Darlington[21][22]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Alan Milburn	26,556	48.1	+6.5
	Conservative	Michael Fallon	23,758	43.0	−3.6
	Liberal Democrats	Peter Bergg	4,586	8.3	−3.5
	BNP	Donald Clarke	355	0.6	New
Majority			2,798	5.1	N/A
Turnout			55,255	83.6	+2.8
	Labour gain from Conservative		Swing	+5.0

Elections in the 1980s

General election 1987: Darlington[23]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Michael Fallon	24,831	46.6	+2.0
	Labour	Ossie O'Brien	22,170	41.6	+3.8
	Liberal	Arthur Collinge	6,289	11.8	-5.6
Majority			2,661	5.0	-1.8
Turnout			53,290	80.8	0.0
	Conservative hold		Swing

General election 1983: Darlington[24]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Michael Fallon	22,434	44.6
	Labour	Ossie O'Brien	18,996	37.8
	SDP	Ray Dutton	8,737	17.4
	Christian Democratic Party	A.H. Clark	108	0.2
Majority			3,438	6.8
Turnout			50,275	80.8
	Conservative gain from Labour		Swing

1983 Darlington by-election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Ossie O'Brien	20,544	39.5	−6.0
	Conservative	Michael Fallon	18,132	34.9	−8.5
	SDP	Anthony Cook	12,735	24.5	+14.3
	Monster Raving Loony	Screaming Lord Sutch	374	0.7	New
	Independent	Arthur Clark	164	0.3	New
	Tactical Voting Annihilates Bennite Tatchellites	Thomas Keen	27	0.1	New
	Yoga and Meditation	Jitendra Bardwaj	15	0.0	New
	Republican	Peter Smith	10	0.0	New
Majority			2,412	4.6	+2.5
Turnout			52,001
	Labour hold		Swing	+1.25

Elections in the 1970s

General election 1979: Darlington

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Edward Fletcher	22,565	45.52	+0.0
	Conservative	Timothy Kirkhope	21,513	43.39	+5.8
	Liberal	K. Walker	5,054	10.19	−6.4
	National Front	H. Outhwaite	444	0.90	New
Majority			1,052	2.12	−5.8
Turnout			49,576	78.40	+4.00
	Labour hold		Swing	−2.82

General election October 1974: Darlington

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Edward Fletcher	21,334	45.55
	Conservative	Brian Hord	17,620	37.62
	Liberal	Philip Frietag	7,882	16.83
Majority			3,714	7.93
Turnout			46,836	74.40
	Labour hold		Swing

General election February 1974: Darlington

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Edward Fletcher	20,546	40.75
	Conservative	Brian Hord	18,477	36.65
	Liberal	Philip Frietag	11,398	22.61
Majority			2,069	4.10
Turnout			50,421	80.78
	Labour hold		Swing

General election 1970: Darlington

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Edward Fletcher	23,208	48.47
	Conservative	Anthony Bourne-Arton	19,447	40.62
	Liberal	Stuart S. Newton	5,222	10.91
Majority			3,761	7.85
Turnout			47,877	76.44
	Labour hold		Swing

Elections in the 1960s

General election 1966: Darlington

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Edward Fletcher	23,909	50.50
	Conservative	Anthony Bourne-Arton	19,546	41.28
	Liberal	Robert Oakeshott	3,891	8.22
Majority			4,363	9.22
Turnout			47,346	82.26
	Labour hold		Swing

General election 1964: Darlington

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Edward Fletcher	21,751	45.15
	Conservative	Anthony Bourne-Arton	19,841	41.19
	Liberal	Gurney Pease	6,578	13.66
Majority			1,910	3.96
Turnout			48,170	82.98
	Labour gain from Conservative		Swing

Elections in the 1950s

General election 1959: Darlington

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Anthony Bourne-Arton	24,318	48.56
	Labour	Ronald Lewis	19,901	39.74
	Liberal	John Patrick McQuade	5,863	11.71	New
Majority			4,417	8.82
Turnout			50,082	84.40
	Conservative hold		Swing

General election 1955: Darlington

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Fergus Graham	25,765	52.64
	Labour	Arnold John Parkinson	23,184	47.36
Majority			2,581	5.28
Turnout			48,949	82.34
	Conservative hold		Swing

General election 1951: Darlington

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Fergus Graham	26,858	50.77
	Labour	David Hardman	26,045	49.23
Majority			813	1.54
Turnout			52,903	87.11
	Conservative gain from Labour		Swing

General election 1950: Darlington

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	David Hardman	23,528	44.78
	Conservative	Geraldyne Edith Mary Walford	17,421	33.16
	Liberal	Gordon Victor Rogers	11,588	22.06
Majority			6,107	11.62
Turnout			52,537	88.48
	Labour hold		Swing

Election in the 1940s

General election 1945: Darlington

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	David Hardman	21,442	48.91
	Conservative	Charles Peat	13,153	30.02
	Liberal	Gordon Victor Rogers	9,215	21.03
Majority			8,289	18.89
Turnout			43,810	80.09
	Labour gain from Conservative		Swing

Elections in the 1930s

General election 1935: Darlington

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Charles Peat	22,320	55.21
	Labour	Arthur Shepherd	18,105	44.79
Majority			4,215	10.42
Turnout			40,435	84.79
	Conservative hold		Swing

General election 1931: Darlington

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Charles Peat	24,416	60.72
	Labour	Arthur Shepherd	15,798	39.28
Majority			8,618	21.44
Turnout			40,214	89.47
	Conservative gain from Labour		Swing

Elections in the 1920s

General election 1929: Darlington

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Arthur Shepherd	17,061	44.0	−0.5
	Unionist	Robert Stewart	15,596	40.2	−3.1
	Liberal	John Joseph Richardson	6,149	15.8	+3.6
Majority			1,465	3.8	+2.6
Turnout			38,806	89.6	+2.0
	Labour hold		Swing	+1.3

1926 Darlington by-election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Arthur Shepherd	12,965	44.5	−1.7
	Unionist	E. H. Pease	12,636	43.3	−10.5
	Liberal	John Dickie	3,573	12.2	New
Majority			329	1.2	N/A
Turnout			29,174	87.6	+1.5
	Labour gain from Unionist		Swing	+4.4

General election 1924: Darlington

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Unionist	William Edwin Pease	15,174	53.8	+11.6
	Labour	Arthur Shepherd	13,008	46.2	+12.6
Majority			2,166	7.6	−1.0
Turnout			28,182	86.1	−0.7
	Unionist hold		Swing	−0.5

General election 1923: Darlington [25]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Unionist	William Edwin Pease	11,638	42.2	−14.4
	Labour	Will Sherwood	9,284	33.6	−9.8
	Liberal	Robert Wright	6,697	24.2	New
Majority			2,354	8.6	−4.6
Turnout			27,619	86.8	+1.5
	Unionist hold		Swing	−2.3

1923 Darlington by-election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Unionist	William Edwin Pease	14,684	56.6	+6.9
	Labour	Will Sherwood	11,271	43.4	+9.6
Majority			3,413	13.2	−2.7
Turnout			25,955	85.3	−2.7
	Unionist hold		Swing	−1.4

General election 1922: Darlington

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Unionist	Herbert Pease	13,286	49.7	−11.8
	Labour	Will Sherwood	9,048	33.8	New
	Liberal	Thomas Crooks	4,419	16.5	−22.0
Majority			4,238	15.9	−7.1
Turnout			26,753	88.0	+20.2
	Unionist hold		Swing	N/A

Election results 1868–1918

Elections in the 1860s

General election 1868: Darlington [26]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Edmund Backhouse	1,789	67.2
	Independent Liberal	Henry King Spark[27]	875	32.8
Majority			914	34.4
Turnout			2,664	87.1
Registered electors			3,057
	Liberal win (new seat)

Elections in the 1870s

General election 1874: Darlington [26]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Edmund Backhouse	1,625	45.9	−21.3
	Independent Liberal	Henry King Spark[28]	1,607	45.4	+12.6
	Conservative	Thomas Gibson Bowles[29]	305	8.6	New
Majority			18	0.5	−33.9
Turnout			3,537	86.8	−0.3
Registered electors			4,073
	Liberal hold		Swing	−17.0

Elections in the 1880s

General election 1880: Darlington [26]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Theodore Fry	2,772	67.6	+21.7
	Independent Liberal	Henry King Spark[30][31]	1,331	32.4	−13.0
Majority			1,441	35.2	+34.7
Turnout			4,103	82.6	−4.2
Registered electors			4,966
	Liberal hold		Swing	+17.4

Wilson-Todd

General election 1885: Darlington [32][33][34]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Theodore Fry	3,302	61.2	−6.4
	Conservative	William Wilson-Todd	2,096	38.8	New
Majority			1,206	22.4	−12.7
Turnout			5,398	91.4	+8.8
Registered electors			5,907
	Liberal hold		Swing	N/A

General election 1886: Darlington [32][33]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Theodore Fry	2,620	50.5	–10.7
	Liberal Unionist	H. O. Arnold-Forster	2,563	49.5	+10.7
Majority			57	1.0	–21.4
Turnout			5,183	87.7	–3.7
Registered electors			5,907
	Liberal hold		Swing	–10.7

Elections in the 1890s

General election 1892: Darlington [32][33]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Theodore Fry	2,866	50.5	0.0
	Liberal Unionist	Arthur Pease	2,810	49.5	0.0
Majority			56	1.0	0.0
Turnout			5,676	93.9	+6.2
Registered electors			6,045
	Liberal hold		Swing	0.0

General election 1895: Darlington [32][33][35]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal Unionist	Arthur Pease	3,354	55.4	+5.9
	Liberal	Theodore Fry	2,697	44.6	–5.9
Majority			657	10.8	N/A
Turnout			6,051	92.2	–1.7
Registered electors			6,560
	Liberal Unionist gain from Liberal		Swing	+5.9

Pease's death causes a by-election.

Philipps

1898 Darlington by-election [32][33][35]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal Unionist	Herbert Pease	3,497	55.5	+0.1
	Liberal	Owen Philipps	2,809	44.5	−0.1
Majority			688	11.0	+0.2
Turnout			6,306	90.7	−1.5
Registered electors			6,952
	Liberal Unionist hold		Swing	+0.1

Elections in the 1900s

General election 1900: Darlington [32][33][35]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal Unionist	Herbert Pease	Unopposed
	Liberal Unionist hold

Mitchell

General election 1906: Darlington [32][33]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal Unionist	Herbert Pease	4,375	51.7	N/A
	Labour Repr. Cmte.	Isaac Mitchell	4,087	48.3	New
Majority			288	3.4	N/A
Turnout			8,462	93.2	N/A
Registered electors			9,078
	Liberal Unionist hold		Swing	N/A

Elections in the 1910s

Lincoln

General election January 1910: Darlington [32][36]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Ignaz Trebitsch-Lincoln	4,815	50.2	New
	Liberal Unionist	Herbert Pease	4,786	49.8	-1.9
Majority			29	0.4	N/A
Turnout			9,601	95.1	+1.9
Registered electors			10,097
	Liberal gain from Liberal Unionist		Swing	N/A

Maddison

General election December 1910: Darlington [36]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal Unionist	Herbert Pease	4,881	52.2	+2.4
	Lib-Lab	Frederick Maddison	4,475	47.8	−2.4
Majority			406	4.4	N/A
Turnout			9,356	92.7	−2.4
Registered electors			10,097
	Liberal Unionist gain from Liberal		Swing	+2.4

Scott

General Election 1914/15:

Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1915. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by the July 1914, the following candidates had been selected;

• Unionist: Herbert Pease
• Liberal: Alfred Scott[37]
• Labour: T. Russell Williams

General election 1918: Darlington[25]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
C	Unionist	Herbert Pease	11,951	61.5	+9.3
	Liberal	Alfred Scott	7,494	38.5	−9.3
Majority			4,457	23.0	+18.6
Turnout			19,445	67.8	−24.9
	Unionist hold		Swing	+9.3
C indicates candidate endorsed by the coalition government.

See also

• List of Parliamentary constituencies in County Durham
• 1923 Darlington by-election
• 1926 Darlington by-election
• 1983 Darlington by-election

Notes and references

Notes

1. As with all constituencies, the constituency elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election at least every five years.
2. 17 years before the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 which created many more

References

1. "UK Parliamentary (General) Election - 12 December 2019 results". Darlington Borough Council. 13 December 2019. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
2. "Representation of the People Act 1867" (PDF). Retrieved 23 May 2020.
3. Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "D" (part 1)
4. https://www.darlington.gov.uk/media/10333/notice-statement-of-persons-nominated-notice-of-poll-and-situation-of-polling-stations-darlington.pdf
5. Sam Howarth [@SamHowarth1991] (23 April 2017). "Great to be at @JennyChapman #GE2017 launch in a sunny South Park today - let's win again in Darlington! 🌹" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
6. "Watkins back for third go at Tooting. Macleod battles Cracknell for Brentford & Isleworth. Latest candidate news. - Conservative Home". conservativehome.com. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
7. "Election Data 2015". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
8. "Conservatives announce Parliamentary candidate for Darlington". The Northern Echo. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
9. "Darlington UKIP candidate pledges to stop "appalling waste" of UK resources". The Northern Echo. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
10. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 15 February 2015. Retrieved 15 February 2015.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
11. "Greens name election candidates". The Northern Echo. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
12. http://www.tusc.org.uk/txt/320.pdf
13. Election 2015, BBC, 8 May 2015
14. "Election Data 2010". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 26 July 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
15. "BBC NEWS – Election 2010 – Darlington". BBC News.
16. "Election Data 2005". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
17. "UK Parliamentary (General) Election Results 2001 to 2010". Darlington Borough Council. Retrieved 19 December 2019.
18. "Election Data 2001". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
19. "Election Data 1997". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
20. "Darlington [Archive]". www.politicsresources.net. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
21. "Election Data 1992". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
22. "Politics Resources". Election 1992. Politics Resources. 9 April 1992. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 6 December 2010.
23. "Election Data 1987". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
24. "Election Data 1983". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
25. British Parliamentary Election Results 1918–1949, FWS Craig
26. Craig, F. W. S., ed. (1977). British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885 (e-book) |format= requires |url= (help) (1st ed.). London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 978-1-349-02349-3.
27. "H K Spark's Candidature". Durham Chronicle. 17 July 1868. p. 7. Retrieved 6 February 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
28. "Mr H. K. Spark and the Darlington Town Council". Sunderland Daily Echo and Shipping Gazette. 6 April 1874. p. 2. Retrieved 29 December 2017 – via British Newspaper Archive.
29. "Banquet to Mr Bowles at Darlington". The Northern Echo. 28 May 1874. p. 3. Retrieved 29 December 2017 – via British Newspaper Archive.
30. "Mr H. K. Spark Again". Hartlepool Northern Daily Mail. 2 July 1885. p. 2. Retrieved 25 November 2017 – via British Newspaper Archive.
31. "Yesterday's Nominations". Sheffield Daily Telegraph. 31 March 1880. p. 6. Retrieved 25 November 2017 – via British Newspaper Archive.
32. British Parliamentary Election Results 1885-1918, FWS Craig
33. The Liberal Year Book, 1907
34. Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1886
35. Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1901
36. Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1916
37. Daily Gazette for Middlesbrough 24 Jun 1914