Cyrtandra (plant)

Cyrtandra (New Latin, from Greek κυρτός, kyrtós, "curved", and ἀνήρ, anḗr, "male", in reference to their prominently curved stamens)[1] is a genus of flowering plants containing about 600 species,[2] with more being discovered often,[3] and is thus the largest genus in the family Gesneriaceae.[4] These plants are native to Southeast Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands, with the centre of diversity in Southeast Asia and the Malesian region.[4] The genus is common, but many species within it are very rare, localized, and endangered endemic plants.[3] The species can be difficult to identify because they are highly polymorphic and because they readily hybridize with each other.[2] The plants may be small herbs, vines, shrubs, epiphytes, or trees. The genus is characterized in part by having two stamens, and most species have white flowers, with a few red-, orange-, yellow-, and pink-flowered species known. Almost all species live in rainforest habitats.[3]

Cyrtandra
Cyrtandra cyaneoides
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Gesneriaceae
Tribe: Cyrtandreae
Genus: Cyrtandra
J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.
Species

600+, see text

It is an example of a supertramp genus.[3]

Hawaiian Cyrtandra are known as ha‘iwale.[2]

Cyrtandra platyphylla

Species include:

  • Cyrtandra aurantiicarpa
  • Cyrtandra biserrata – Molokai cyrtandra
  • Cyrtandra calyptribracteata
  • Cyrtandra cleopatrae
  • Cyrtandra confertiflora – lava cyrtandra
  • Cyrtandra cordifolia[5] – the Latin name means cyrtandra with heart-shaped leaves
  • Cyrtandra crenata – Kahana Valley cyrtandra
  • Cyrtandra cyaneoides – mapele
  • Cyrtandra dentata – mountain cyrtandra
  • Cyrtandra elatostemoides
  • Cyrtandra elegans
  • Cyrtandra ferripilosa – red-hair cyrtandra
  • Cyrtandra filipes – gulch cyrtandra
  • Cyrtandra garnotiana – hahala
  • Cyrtandra giffardii – forest cyrtandra
  • Cyrtandra gracilis – Palolo Valley cyrtandra
  • Cyrtandra grandiflora – largeflower cyrtandra
  • Cyrtandra grayana – Pacific cyrtandra
  • Cyrtandra grayi – Gray's cyrtandra
  • Cyrtandra halawensis – toothleaf cyrtandra
  • Cyrtandra hashimotoi – Maui cyrtandra
  • Cyrtandra hawaiensis – Hawaii cyrtandra
  • Cyrtandra heinrichii – lava cyrtandra
  • Cyrtandra hematos – singleflower cyrtandra
  • Cyrtandra hirtigera
  • Cyrtandra hypochrysoides
  • Cyrtandra kalihii – Koolau Range cyrtandra
  • Cyrtandra kamooloaensis – Kamo'oloa cyrtandra
  • Cyrtandra kauaiensis – ulunahele
  • Cyrtandra kealiae
    • Cyrtandra kealiae ssp. kealiae (syn. C. limahuliensis)[6]
    • Cyrtandra kealiae ssp. urceolata
  • Cyrtandra kohalae – Kohala Mountain cyrtandra
  • Cyrtandra laxiflora – Oahu cyrtandra
  • Cyrtandra lessoniana – Lesson's cyrtandra
  • Cyrtandra macraei – upland cyrtandra
  • Cyrtandra menziesii – ha'i wale
  • Cyrtandra munroi – Lanaihale cyrtandra
  • Cyrtandra nitens
  • Cyrtandra oenobarba – shaggystem cyrtandra
  • Cyrtandra olona – Kauai cyrtandra
  • Cyrtandra oxybapha – Pohakea Gulch cyrtandra
  • Cyrtandra paliku – cliffside cyrtandra
  • Cyrtandra paludosa – kanaweo ke'oke'o
  • Cyrtandra platyphylla – 'ilihia
  • Cyrtandra polyantha – Niu Valley cyrtandra
  • Cyrtandra pruinosa – frosted cyrtandra
  • Cyrtandra pulgarensis
  • Cyrtandra samoensis
  • Cyrtandra sessilis – windyridge cyrtandra
  • Cyrtandra subumbellata – parasol cyrtandra
  • Cyrtandra tahuatensis
  • Cyrtandra tintinnabula – Laupahoehoe cyrtandra
  • Cyrtandra umbellifera
  • Cyrtandra viridiflora – greenleaf cyrtandra
  • Cyrtandra waiolani – fuzzyflower cyrtandra
  • Cyrtandra wawrae – rockface cyrtandra

References
  1. Weber, Anton; et al. (2007), "Cyrtandra", The Genera of Gesneriaceae (2nd ed.), Vienna.
  2. Clermontia and Cyrtandra. DNA Barcoding Endemic Hawaiian Species Project. University of Hawaii, Hilo.
  3. Quentin C. B. Cronk; Michael Kiehn; Warren L. Wagner; James F. Smith (2005). "Evolution of Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) in the Pacific Ocean: the origin of a supertramp clade". American Journal of Botany. 92 (6): 1017–1024. doi:10.3732/ajb.92.6.1017. JSTOR 4126079. PMID 21652486.
  4. David H. Lorence; Steven Perlman (2007). "A new species of Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) from Hawai'i, Hawaiian Islands". Novon. 17 (3): 357–361. doi:10.3417/1055-3177(2007)17[357:ANSOCG]2.0.CO;2. JSTOR 20406191.
  5. Cyrtandra cordifolia Archived 2012-11-06 at the Wayback Machine at the Oahu board of water supply.
  6. Warren L. Wagner; David H. Lorence (2000). "A reassessment of Cyrtandra kealiae and C. limahuliensis (Gesneriaceae)". Bishop Museum Occasional Papers. 63: 17–20. hdl:10088/7612.

Further reading
  • H. Atkins; Q. C. B. Cronk (2001). "The genus Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) in Palawan, Philippines". Edinburgh Journal of Botany. 58 (3): 443–458. doi:10.1017/S0960428601000762.
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