Cumana language
Cumana (Kumaná) is a possibly extinct Chapacuran language. Various names ascribed to the language in Campbell (2012)[2] are Torá, Toraz (distinguish Torá language), and Cautario, the last perhaps after the local river, and Abitana-Kumaná (distinguish Abitana dialect).
| Cumana | |
|---|---|
| Kujubim | |
| Region | Southwestern Rondônia, Bolivia–Brazil border area |
Native speakers | perhaps 3 (2001)[1] |
Chapacuran
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | None (mis) |
ite-kum Abitana-Kumaná | |
1a6 Kuyubí | |
| Glottolog | kuyu1236 Kuyubi |
In addition, there is a Chapacuran language called Kujubim (Kuyubí, Cojubím), which may still be spoken. The endonym, Kaw To Yo (or Kaw Tayó, which means 'eaters of payara fish'), may be the source of the river and language name Cautario.[1] Sources which list one do not list the other, so these may be the same language.[3]
Vocabulary
Conjubim vocabulary from Sampaio & da Silva (2011):[4]
gloss Conjubim ‘I (1sg)’ pa ‘thou (2sg)’ ma ‘we (1pl)’ ti ‘many’ napa ‘one’ tan ‘two’ wakoran ‘big’ pu ‘small’ pe ‘woman’ tana'man ‘man (adult male human)’ namankon ‘child’ rato ‘person (individual human)’ piten ‘bird’ pune ‘dog’ kinam ‘louse (lice)’ piw ‘tree’ pana ‘seed (n)’ tukayn ‘leaf (botanics)’ tan ‘root (botanics)’ toka ijn pana ‘meat/flesh’ nawa zip ‘blood (n)’ wik ‘bone’ pat ‘egg’ pariz ‘fat (organic substance)’ mapum ‘horn’ tataw ‘tail’ kipun ‘hair (of head)’ tunam upek ‘head (anatomic)’ pupek ‘ear’ tenetet ‘eye’ tok ‘nose’ pul ‘tooth (general)’ jat ‘tongue (anatomical)’ kapajak ‘fingernail’ tupi ‘foot (not leg)’ tinak ‘knee’ toko zimtinak ‘hand (not arm)’ pepeje tipan ‘belly (abdomen, stomach)’ takawta ‘heart (organ)’ tuku rutim ‘liver’ tawan ‘drink (v)’ tok ‘eat’ kaw ‘bite (v)’ kiw ‘ash(es)’ pop ‘burn (tr. v)’ pop ‘see (v)’ kirik ‘hear (v)’ rapat ‘sleep (v)’ pupiyn ‘die (v)’ pinĩ ‘kill (v)’ puru ‘swim (v)’ mara kujan ‘fly (v)’ ze ‘walk (v)’ wana ‘lie (recline) (v)’ titim ‘sit (v)’ pe ‘stand (v)’ pak ‘give (v)’ ni ‘sun’ mapitõ ‘moon’ panawo ‘star’ pipojõ ‘water (n)’ kom ‘rain (n)’ pipan narikom ‘sand’ tinak ‘earth (soil, ground)’ tinak ‘tobacco’ ju'e ‘fire’ pite ‘red (colour)’ siwí ‘white (colour)’ towa ‘night’ pisim ‘warm’ nok ‘cold’ tiw ‘full’ pẽpe ‘good’ nami ‘round’ pu
A word list with 793 lexical items is also available from Rodrigues Duran (2000).[5]
References
- "Kuyubí" in Moseley (2004) Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages
- Campbell, Lyle (2012). "Classification of the indigenous languages of South America". In Grondona, Verónica; Campbell, Lyle (eds.). The Indigenous Languages of South America. The World of Linguistics. 2. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 59–166. ISBN 9783110255133.
- Fabre (2005)
- Sampaio, W. & da Silva Sinha, V. (2011). "Fieldwork data from languages in Rondônia". Diachronic Atlas of Comparative Linguistics (DiACL). Retrieved 23 November 2020.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- Rodrigues Duran, Iris. 2000. Descrição fonológica e lexical do dialeto "Kaw Tayo" (Kujubi) da língua Moré. M.A. thesis, Universidade Federal de Rondônia (Guajará-Mirim). (PDF)
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