Cross Lake First Nation

Cross Lake First Nation (Cree: Pimicikamāk Nīhithawī, lit. 'Cree of the Lake that lies Athwart' or Nikikonakos lit. 'Otter People') is a band of Cree First Nations people in Canada governed under the Indian Act.[2] Its members[3] occupy several reserves within the town of Cross Lake situated on the east shore of Cross Lake in the province of Manitoba. In October, 2008, its recorded registered membership[3] was 6,969, of which 4,953 people of this First Nation lived on their reserve. Cross Lake is the principal community of the Pimicikamak indigenous people that made treaty with the British Crown in 1875.[4] Its indigenous language is Woods Cree. Cross Lake was the site of a residential school operated under Canada's assimilation policy. In 2008, Prime Minister Stephen Harper apologized for the damage caused by this policy.[5]

Cross Lake Band
Band No. 276
[[image:
Cross Lake First Nation (Manitoba)
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PeopleCree
TreatyTreaty 5
HeadquartersCross Lake
ProvinceManitoba
Land[1]
Main reserveCross Lake 19
Land area104.386 km2
Population (2019)[1]
On reserve6223
On other land166
Off reserve2520
Total population8909
Government[1]
ChiefDavid A. Monias
Council
  • Mervin Garrick
  • Donald Mckay
  • Wayne Mcleod
  • Noretta Miswaggon
  • Ivan Monias
  • Shirley Robinson
  • Kyle Scribe
  • Lee Thomas
Website
https://crosslakeband.ca/

In March 2016, Cross Lake appeared in the national news after its officials declared a state of emergency because of an epidemic of suicides. The Canadian Press reported that there had been "six suicides in the last two months", and band councillor Donnie McKay said the community "is traumatized and needs immediate help from the provincial and federal governments".[6][7][8][9][10][11][12]

Demographics

As of August 2014 Cross Lake First Nation had a total registered membership of 8,034 with 5,642 members living on-reserve.[13]

Governance

Under the Indian Act, Cross Lake First Nation has a municipal government with a Band Council. Since 1999, the Band Council is no longer elected under the Indian Act.[14] The Executive Council of Pimicikamak sits ex officio as the Council of the Band but continues to be the agent of the Minister of Indian Affairs for delivering programs to band members on reserve.

Chief and Council

Chief and Councillors are appointed under the Custom Electoral System. In their council a quorum of 5 members is needed.[15]

Chief
  • Chief Cathy Merrick
    • Principle Spokesperson of the Nation
    • Primary Intergovernmental Affairs
    • Government Relations
    • International Relations
Council

Reserves

Cross Lake First Nation have reserved for themselves several tracts of land as their reserve holdings. Their largest reserve is the 2,037.10 hectares (5,033.8 acres) Cross Lake 19 Reserve. Associated with this reserve are:[16]

Community

Cross Lake, Manitoba is the principal community for the Cross Lake First Nation. Other major communities for the First Nation are:

Child protection

Cross Lake was the site of a residential school operated under Canada's aboriginal assimilation policy. In 2008, Prime Minister Stephen Harper apologized for the "profoundly negative" consequences of this policy.[17] Cross Lake has its own child welfare mandate and operates under the name Nikan Awasisak Agency Inc. with sub offices both in Thompson and Winnipeg[18] for aboriginal child protection on reserve.[19]

Highway connection
Kichi Sipi Bridge.

Cross Lake is the only community in north-eastern Manitoba that is connected to the North American highway system by all-weather road via the C$24 M Kichi Sipi Bridge, which the Province of Manitoba built after losing a lawsuit[20]

Education

The Cross Lake Education Authority is legally part of the Cross Lake First Nation but is operated by an independent elected Board. It runs two schools on the Cross Lake First Nation's reserves. Otter Nelson River School is a Sr. 1-4 High School and also an Elementary school (N-4). Mikisew Middle School is a school with grades 5-8.

Notes
  1. "Cross Lake Band of Indians". First Nation Detail. Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada. 26 September 2019.
  2. R.S., 1985, c. I-5, (Can.)
  3. R.S., 1985, c. I-5, s. 7: "There shall be maintained in accordance with this Act for each band a Band List in which shall be entered the name of every person who is a member of that band."
  4. See official text in Alexander Morris, The Treaties of Canada with the Indians, Belfords, Clarke & Co., Toronto (1880); also at Queen's Printer, "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-06-13. Retrieved 2016-07-14.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  5. Stephen Harper, Prime Minister of Canada (June 11, 2008). "Apology to Former Students of Indian Residential Schools". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Canada: House of Commons of Canada. col. 1515. Retrieved 1 August 2008.
  6. "Manitoba First Nation had 140 suicide attempts in last 2 weeks". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 2016-03-13.
  7. "Pimicikamak youth fundraise for suicide prevention conference". CBC News. Retrieved 2016-03-13.
  8. "'I'm scared to lose more youth': Pimicikamak students try to cope with suicides". CBC News. Retrieved 2016-03-13.
  9. "Father struggles with heartbreak, Pimicikamak continues call for help". CBC News. Retrieved 2016-03-13.
  10. "Manitoba community seeks answers as youth suicides soar". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 2016-03-13.
  11. "Four young people have died on Pimicikamak Cree Nation". CBC News. Retrieved 2016-03-13.
  12. "Suicides à Pimicikamak : l'aide se précise". Ici Radio-Canada Télé (in French). Retrieved 2016-03-13.
  13. "AANDC (Registered Population: Cross Lake First Nation # 276)". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2014-09-19.
  14. The Pimicikamak Election Law, 1999, s. 26, http://www.pimicikamak.ca/law/LAWoELEf_cor.DOC Archived 2011-07-06 at the Wayback Machine, accessed 31 July 2008.
  15. "AANDC (Governance: Cross Lake First Nation # 276)". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2014-09-19.
  16. "AANDC (Reserves/Settlements/Villages: Cross Lake First Nation # 276)". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2014-09-19.
  17. Hansard, Wednesday, June 11, 2008, "Apology to Former Students of Indian Residential Schools", http://www2.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?DocId=3568890&Language=E&Mode=1&Parl=39&Ses=2, accessed 1 August 2008.
  18. See: "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2005-03-26. Retrieved 2008-08-22.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  19. See also, Royal Canadian Mounted Police, "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2008-06-25. Retrieved 2008-08-22.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  20. http://www.nfa-arb.org/download?id=107, accessed 5 September 2008./
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