Criticism of Starbucks

Starbucks, an American coffee company and coffeehouse chain, has been the subject of multiple controversies.[1][2]

A local coffee shop in New York's East Village claiming it had to close because Starbucks is willing to pay higher rent for the space
A front window of a Starbucks coffee shop damaged in the 2010 G20 Toronto summit protests

European tax avoidance

In October 2012, Starbucks faced criticism after a Reuters investigation found that the company reportedly paid only £8.6 million in corporation tax in the UK over 14 years, despite generating over £3 billion in sales—this included no tax payments on £1.3 billion of sales in the three years prior to 2012.[3][4] It is alleged that Starbucks was able to do this by charging high licensing fees to the UK branch of the business, allowing them to declare a £33 million loss in 2011.[5] The UK subsidiary pays patent fees to the US subsidiary, purchases coffee beans from the Netherlands subsidiary (where corporation tax is lower than in the UK), and uses the Swiss subsidiary for other "miscellaneous services".[6] A YouGov survey suggested that Starbucks' brand image was substantially weakened by the controversy surrounding how much tax it pays in the UK several weeks after the allegations surfaced.[7]

Starbucks' chief financial officer (CFO) appeared before the Public Accounts Committee in November 2012 and admitted that the Dutch government granted a special tax rate to their European headquarters, which the UK business pays royalties to.[8] Dutch law permits companies to transfer royalties collected from other countries to tax havens without incurring taxes, unlike in the rest of the EU.[9] The CFO denied that they chose the Netherlands as their European headquarters to avoid tax, explaining that the company's Dutch coffee roasting plant was the reason for the decision.[8] Until 2009, the royalty rate was 6% of UK sales, but after being challenged by UK tax authorities it was reduced to 4.7%.[9] The CFO told the committee this reflected costs such as designing new stores and products, but admitted that there was no detailed analysis by which the rate is decided. The coffee they serve in the UK is purchased from the Swiss subsidiary, which charges a 20% markup on the wholesale price and pays 12% corporation tax on profits.[8] Coffee is not transported to Switzerland but the 30 people who work in the subsidiary assess coffee quality. Regarding Starbucks' frequent reports of loss in the UK, the CFO told the committee that Starbucks are "not at all pleased" about their financial performance in the UK.[8] MPs replied that it "just doesn't ring true" that the business made a loss, pointing out that the head of the business had been promoted to a new post in the US and they consistently told shareholders that the business was profitable.[3][10]

In Ireland, Starbucks' subsidiary Ritea only paid €35,000 in tax between 2005 and 2011 and the subsidiary recorded losses in every year other than 2011. Ritea is owned by Netherlands-based Starbucks Coffee Emea.[11] Their French and German subsidiaries make large losses because they are heavily in debt to the Dutch subsidiary, which charges them higher interest rates than the group pays to borrow. Reuters calculated that without paying interest on the loans and royalty fees, the French and German subsidiaries would have paid €3.4 million in tax. The Dutch subsidiary that royalties are paid to made a €507,000 profit in 2011 from revenues of €73 million, while the company that roasts coffee made a profit of €2 million in 2011 and paid tax of €870,000.[9] Protesters, who were unimpressed by the company's offer to pay £20 million in tax over the next two years, staged demonstrations in December 2012 in affiliation with UK Uncut.[12] In June 2014, the European Commission antitrust regulator launched an investigation of the company's tax practices in the Netherlands, as part of a wider probe of multi-national companies' tax arrangements in various European countries.[13] The investigation ended in October 2015, with the EC ordering Starbucks to pay up to €30 million in overdue taxes, which the EC regards as illegal state support for corporations.[14] A pair of economists from the KU Leuven noted that the Commission did not forbid Starbucks' tax construction as such, pretending that Starbucks is a Dutch company and effectively rewarding the Dutch state for its lenient tax policy.[15]

Market strategy
Starbucks' footprint in the United States, showing saturation of metropolitan areas

Some of the methods Starbucks has used to expand and maintain their dominant market position, including buying out competitors' leases, intentionally operating at a loss, and clustering several locations in a small geographical area (i.e., saturating the market), have been labeled anti-competitive by critics.[16] For example, Starbucks fueled its initial expansion into the UK market with a buyout of Seattle Coffee Company but then used its capital and influence to obtain prime locations, some of which operated at a financial loss. Critics claimed this was an unfair attempt to drive out small, independent competitors, who could not afford to pay inflated prices for premium real estate.[17]

While relations with independent coffeehouse chains have been strained, some owners have credited Starbucks with educating customers on coffee.[18]

Labor disputes

Starbucks workers in seven stores have joined the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) as the Starbucks Workers Union since 2004.[19] In line with a Starbucks Union press release, since then, the union membership has begun expanding to Chicago and Maryland in addition to New York City, where the movement originated.[20][21] On March 7, 2006, the IWW and Starbucks agreed to a National Labor Relations Board settlement in which three Starbucks workers were granted almost US$2,000 in back wages and two fired employees were offered reinstatement.[22][23][24] According to the Starbucks Union, on November 24, 2006, IWW members picketed Starbucks locations in more than 50 cities around the world in countries including Australia, Canada, Germany, and the UK, as well as U.S. cities including New York, Chicago, Minneapolis, and San Francisco,[25] to protest the firing of five Starbucks Workers Union organizers by Starbucks and to demand their reinstatement.

The Reverend Billy leading an anti-Starbucks protest in Austin, Texas in 2007

Some Starbucks baristas in Canada,[26] Australia and New Zealand,[27] and the United States[28] belong to a variety of unions. In 2005, Starbucks paid out US$165,000 to eight employees at its Kent, Washington, roasting plant to settle charges that they had been retaliated against for being pro-union. At the time, the plant workers were represented by the International Union of Operating Engineers. Starbucks admitted no wrongdoing in the settlement.[19] A Starbucks strike occurred in Auckland, New Zealand, on November 23, 2005.[27] Organized by Unite Union, workers sought secure hours, a minimum wage of NZ$12 an hour, and the abolition of youth rates. The company settled with the Union in 2006, resulting in pay increases, increased security of hours, and an improvement in youth rates.[29] In March 2008, Starbucks was ordered to pay baristas over US$100 million in back tips in a Californian class action lawsuit launched by baristas alleging that granting shift-supervisors a portion of tips violates state labor laws. The company plans to appeal. Similarly, an 18-year-old barista in Chestnut Hill, MA has filed another suit with regards to the tipping policy. Massachusetts law also states that managers may not get a cut of tips.[30][31] A similar lawsuit was also filed in Minnesota on March 27, 2008.[32]

Opening without planning permission

Starbucks has been accused by local authorities of opening several stores in the UK in retail premises, without the planning permission for a change of use to a restaurant. Starbucks has argued that "Under current planning law, there is no official classification of coffee shops. Starbucks, therefore, encounters the difficult scenario whereby local authorities interpret the guidance in different ways. In some instances, coffee shops operate under A1 permission, some as mixed use A1/A3 and some as A3".[33] In May 2008, a branch of Starbucks was completed on St. James's Street in Kemptown, Brighton, England, despite having been refused permission by the local planning authority, Brighton and Hove City Council, who said there were too many coffee shops already present on the street.[34][35] Starbucks appealed the decision by claiming it was a retail store selling bags of coffee, mugs, and sandwiches, gaining a six-month extension,[36] but the council ordered Starbucks to remove all tables and chairs from the premises, to comply with planning regulations for a retail shop.[37] 2500 residents signed a petition against the store,[38] but after a public inquiry in June 2009, a government inspector gave permission for the store to remain.[39]

A Starbucks in Hertford won its appeal in April 2009 after being open for over a year without planning permission.[40] Two stores in Edinburgh,[41] one in Manchester,[42] one in Cardiff,[43] one in Pinner and Harrow, were also opened without planning permission.[33] The Pinner cafe, opened in 2007, won an appeal to stay open in 2010.[44] One in Blackheath Village, Lewisham[45] was also under investigation in 2002 for breach of its licence, operating as a restaurant when it only had a licence for four seats and was limited to take away options. There was a considerable backlash from members of the local community who opposed any large chains opening in what is a conservation area. To this date, the Starbucks is still operating as a takeaway outlet.

Shark fin
Shark fin protestors at Maxim's HQ, Hong Kong 2018-06-15 also protesting Starbucks giving their regional license to Maxims

Environmental protestors in Hong Kong in June 2018 extended their campaign against Maxim's Caterers to also target Starbucks. This is due to Starbucks awarding regional licences to Maxims in Hong Kong, Macau, Singapore and Vietnam.[46] On June 15, 2018 protestors targeted Maxim's headquarters in a demonstration that also highlighted Maxim's being a regional licensee for Starbucks.[47][48]

Overpricing

In October 2013, China Central Television accused Chinese Starbucks of over-pricing. The report compared the price of a tall (12 fl. oz., 354 mL) latte in Beijing, Chicago, London, and Mumbai. It was found that Beijing stores charged the most while Mumbai stores charged the least. It was also found that a tall latte cost 4 Chinese yuan (approx. USD $0.67) to make, but it sold at 27 yuan (approx. USD $4.50).[49][50]

Underfilled lattes

In April 2016, a class-action lawsuit was pressed against Starbucks after multiple reported incidents of the company purposely underfilling their latte beverages to reduce milk costs.[51][52] After two years of legal proceedings, the lawsuit was dismissed.[53][54]

Fair Trade, Oxfam, and Ethiopian coffee farmers

In October 2006, the British NGO, Oxfam, accused Starbucks of financially wounding Ethiopian coffee farmers by violating Fairtrade agreements. Specifically, Oxfam stated that Starbucks was depriving Ethiopian farmers of $88 million a year[55] by depriving the Ethiopian government of trademarking a number of its local coffee beans. Starbucks responded to the accusations by stating Oxfam's claims were misleading, and wished it would stop deceiving the public.[56] An analysis by SFK Inc., a supply-chain risk management firm, revealed that both Starbucks and Oxfam had validity to their claims. The firm found that the demand for Starbucks coffee exceeded the supply of Fair Trade coffee available, and that Starbucks made efforts to purchase Fair Trade coffee, when available. Additionally, it was found that Starbucks paid premium prices for Ethiopian coffee at the time, prices higher than market value.[56] The analysis further criticized not Oxfam or Starbucks, but the Fair Trade brand specifically, stating it as more of a "quick fix" to ease consumer guilt. While the firm acknowledged that the Fair Trade cause is noble, it was, however, lacking when pertaining aspects of regulation and supply-chain custody. The analysis further found that the Fair Trade brand comes with many miscellaneous fees, such as certification, inspections, and marketing, stating less of the money from the sale of Fair Trade makes its way to the farmers producing the product.[56]

SFK Inc. concluded that given the socio-political uncertainties of certain developing countries, external agreements within the government of such countries potentially opens the doors for corruption when farmer cooperatives are excluded from negotiation on their own behalf. The firm recommended that the coffee farmers produce directly for Starbucks, but non-exclusively, through a local subsidiary established by the brand. Such an agreement would allow Starbucks to fulfill its CSR goals, while ensuring Ethiopian specialty brands are recognized, and farmers are not subject to profit cuts from erroneous fees related to regulatory and bureaucratic procedures.[56] The solution was criticized by opposition, stating such a solution would provide Starbucks a monopoly advantage on Ethiopian coffee, and did not fit the requirements for Fairtrade, specifically. While the analysis acknowledged the criticism, it also stated that farmers were still able to export any part of their crop through the traditional channels, and that while the solution did not meet the specific requirements of Fairtrade, it did align with its ultimate goal: protecting farmers.[56] In May 2007, both Starbucks and the government of Ethiopia signed a licensing, distribution, and marketing agreement, recognizing the importance and integrity of Ethiopia's specialty coffee names.[57] These initiatives allow farmer cooperatives to earn more from its coffee brands, and enable poor growers to capture a greater share of the retail price.[57]

Cups

"War on Christmas"
Main article: Christmas controversy § 2010s

In November 2015, Starbucks introduced solid red seasonal cups, unlike previous seasonal iterations that were decorated with winter or Christmas-oriented imagery (such as reindeer and ornaments), but no overtly religious symbols. The cup design was discussed extensively on social media, with some citing it as another example of the "War on Christmas", calling it "cup-gate", and others expressed puzzlement over the outrage generated by a simple cup.[58][59][60] A man named Joshua Feuerstien then released a video suggesting that customers tell the baristas that their name was "Merry Christmas" so that baristas were forced to write it on the cups and shout "Merry Christmas" when calling off the drinks. This also started the trend #MerryChristmasStarbucks.[61] Donald Trump, on the campaign for presidency, was one of the first to declare the "War on Christmas" in one of his tweets.[62] This created a more politically charged meaning behind the controversy, due to Starbucks' reputation as a liberal corporation. The conservative tweets that attacked the release of the cup came during the campaign for the 2016 presidency and was seen as an attack on the liberal message of inclusion.[63] As a response to Feuerstein's video, people began the hashtag #ItsJustACup as a counter to the view that Starbucks "hated Christmas."[64]

#Racetogether marketing campaign

On Monday, March 16, 2015,[65] Starbucks launched a marketing campaign to promote conversations about race between customers and employees.[66] This marketing campaign also called for baristas to write the hashtag #RaceTogether on customers' cups – similar to how Starbucks is already known for writing customers' names on each cup. It was characterised as a "fiasco" by some media outlets,[67][68][69][70] to the extent that Starbucks' vice president of public relations deleted his Twitter account.[71] On March 22, Starbucks CEO advised his employees there is no longer a need to write #racetogether on cups. Reuters reported that "Starbucks said the phase of the campaign that involved messages on drink cups was always scheduled to end Sunday."[59][72]

"The Way I See It"

Quotes by artists, writers, scientists, and others have appeared on Starbucks cups since 2005 in a campaign called "The Way I See It".[73] Some of the quotes have caused controversy, including one by writer Armistead Maupin about coming out and another by Jonathan Wells that linked 'Darwinism' to eugenics, abortion and racism.[74] Disclaimers were added to the cups noting that these views were not necessarily those of Starbucks.[75]

Israel
A store on Piccadilly with its windows boarded up after being smashed by protesters

There have been calls for boycott of Starbucks stores and products because it has been wrongly claimed that Starbucks sends part of its profits to the Israeli military,[76] but such allegations are based on a hoax letter attributed to the President, Chairman, and CEO of Starbucks Howard Schultz, who is Jewish[77] and supports Israel's right to exist.[78] He is a recipient of several Israeli awards including "The Israel 50th Anniversary Tribute Award" for "playing a key role in promoting a close alliance between the United States and Israel".[79]

The hoax letter claiming that Schultz had donated money to the Israeli military was actually written by an Australian weblogger, Andrew Winkler, who has admitted fabricating the document.[78][80] Starbucks responded to these claims, widely circulated on the internet, stating that "Neither Chairman Howard Schultz nor Starbucks fund supports the Israeli Army. Starbucks is a non-political organization and does not support individual political causes".[79] The protests against Starbucks derived from the Winkler letter were not the first; earlier protests occurred in June 2002 in Cairo, Dubai and Beirut universities in response to Schultz's criticism of Yasser Arafat.[80] Starbucks has been a regular target of activists protesting against Israel's role in the Gaza War over the claims.

Organizations have urged a boycott of Starbucks, accusing Starbucks of serving as an ally of Israeli militarists.[81][82] Starbucks was forced to close a store in Beirut, Lebanon due to demonstrators shouting anti-Israel slogans and causing customers to flee.[83] Demonstrators hung several banners on the shop's window and used white tape to paste a Star of David over the green-and-white Starbucks sign. They also distributed a letter saying, Schultz "...is one of the pillars of the American Jewish lobby and the owner of the Starbucks," which they said donates money to the Israeli military.[84] On January 2009, two Starbucks stores in London were the target of vandalism by pro-Palestinian demonstrators who broke windows and reportedly ripped out fittings and equipment after clashes with riot police.[85][86] Starbucks, which previously operated locations in Israel, under a partnership with Delek Group of Israel,[87] stated that they did not close the Israeli locations due to political reasons, but due to market challenges.[88]

US military shared email

A US Marines Sergeant emailed ten of his friends in August 2004 having wrongly been told that Starbucks had stopped supplying the military with coffee donations because the company did not support the Iraq War. The email was shared online with tens of millions of people. Starbucks and the originator sent out a correction,[89] but Starbucks' VP of global communications, Valerie O'Neil, said in September 2009 that the email was still being forwarded to her every few weeks.[90][91][92]

Gun controversy

As gun laws in many US states have become more relaxed, and more states have adopted open carry or concealed carry statutes, some gun owners have begun carrying guns while performing everyday shopping or other tasks. Many stores and companies have responded by banning the carrying of guns on their premises, as allowed by many states' local laws. Starbucks has not instituted an official policy banning guns in their stores. In 2010, the Brady Campaign proposed a boycott of Starbucks due to their gun policy.[93] At that time, Starbucks released a statement saying "We comply with local laws and statutes in all the communities we serve. That means we abide by the laws that permit open carry in 43 U.S. states. Where these laws don't exist, openly carrying weapons in our stores is prohibited. The political, policy and legal debates around these issues belong in the legislatures and courts, not in our stores."[94][95]

In 2012, the National Gun Victims Action Council published an open letter to Starbucks, asking them to revise their policy, and also proposed a "Brew not Bullets" boycott of the chain until the policy is changed, with Valentine's Day selected as a particular day to boycott the chain.[96][97] In response, gun rights advocates started a counter "Starbucks Appreciation Day" buycott to support Starbucks' stance, and suggested paying for products using two-dollar bills as a sign of Second Amendment support.[98] On July 29, 2013, Moms Demand Action for Gun Sense in America, initiated a petition demanding a ban on guns in Starbucks stores.[99] On September 17, 2013, founder and CEO Howard Schultz asked customers to no longer bring guns into its stores. He made the comments in an open letter on the company's website. Schultz said he was not banning guns, but making a request.[100]

Political positions

Same-sex marriage

In January 2012, a Starbucks executive stated that the company supports the legalization of same-sex marriage. This resulted in a boycott by the National Organization for Marriage, a political organization that opposes same-sex marriage, who received 22,000 signatures in favor of their boycott.[101] When another shareholder (who had been quoted by NOM before) mentioned during a meeting that recent earnings had been "disappointing" since the boycott began, CEO Howard Schultz responded: "If you feel, respectfully, that you can get a higher return than the 38 percent you got last year, it's a free country. You can sell your shares of Starbucks and buy shares in another company. Thank you very much."[102] In addition, 640,000 people also signed a petition thanking Starbucks for its support.[103] (As of June 26, 2015, same-sex marriage in the United States is legal in all states following the Supreme Court ruling in Obergefell v. Hodges.)[104][105][106] Muhammadiyah, the second largest Muslim group in Indonesia with 29 million members,[107] and Perkasa, a group with 700,000 members, have called for a boycott of Starbucks over its support of gay rights.[108][109][110]

Refugees

On January 27, 2017,[111] President Donald Trump signed an executive order to indefinitely suspend the entry of Syrian refugees into the United States and suspended entry into the United States of nearly all citizens of seven countries until "extreme vetting" measures could be implemented.[112] The same day, Starbucks' Chairman and CEO Howard Schultz wrote a letter to Starbucks' employees, stating in part, "There are more than 65 million citizens of the world recognized as refugees by the United Nations, and we are developing plans to hire 10,000 of them over five years in the 75 countries around the world where Starbucks does business. And we will start this effort here in the U.S. by making the initial focus of our hiring efforts on those individuals who have served with U.S. troops as interpreters and support personnel in the various countries where our military has asked for such support."[113] As a result of Schultz's letter, supporters of President Trump's executive order supported a boycott of Starbucks, with some saying that Starbucks should give more help to American veterans.[114][115]

California cancer warning rule

In March 2018, a California judge ruled that Starbucks and other companies must provide warning labels on all coffee products, warning consumers of chemicals that may cause cancer, a requirement by California law which Starbucks was found in violation of.[116][117] The chemical in question is acrylamide, a carcinogen byproduct of roasted coffee beans found in high levels throughout brewed coffee. Declining to comment, Starbucks instead referred to a statement by the National Coffee Association claiming that cancer warnings on products would be "misleading".[116] After the first phase of the trial, Starbucks may be subject to civil proceeding penalties of fines up to $2,500 per consumer exposed over the last eight years.[117]

Philadelphia arrests

On April 12, 2018, two African-American men, Donte Robinson and Rashon Nelson, were arrested in a Starbucks store in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.[118] A witness at the time of the arrests said that the men asked the staff if they could use the bathroom to which an employee said it was reserved for paying customers. The men waited at a table for another person without ordering and were instructed by the staff to either make a purchase or leave. When they did not comply, the store manager called the police, saying the men were trespassing, which led to the arrests. They were released without charges being pressed.[119] The video of the arrest went viral and prompted the CEO of Starbucks Kevin Johnson to issue an apology. On ABC's Good Morning America, Johnson appeared for an interview and expressed his desire to meet with the men in person to apologize. He referred to the arrests as "reprehensible", and promised to take steps to prevent future incidents.[120] Philadelphia mayor Jim Kenney criticized the company and called for revisions of the company's policies.[121] The incident led to protests at the shop where the arrests occurred and caused outrage.[122][123] The company had announced that the store manager was no longer working at the store.[124][121] The police commissioner, Richard Ross Jr., said the police officers did nothing wrong, having made multiple "polite" requests for the men to leave before arresting them.[118] As tension grew, the cafe was closed for a few hours on April 16.[125]

After the event, Starbucks released a statement on plans to shut stores and corporate offices on May 29 for racial-bias education for approximately 175,000 U.S. employees.[126] On May 2, it was reported that the two men settled for a symbolic $1 each and a promise from City officials that a program for young entrepreneurs would be established.[127] This is separate from the Starbucks financial settlement that was announced in a joint statement between the two men, and Starbucks. In the settlement Starbucks has included the two men earn their bachelor's degrees with the tuition covered, and discuss their experience with former U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder as part of the company's diversity efforts.[128]

Starbucks worked with two organizations to plan the curriculum for the anti-bias training, SYPartners and the Perception Institute. The trainings took place in Starbucks stores and were unfacilitated. Participants used iPads and guidebooks to direct them.[129]

The anti-bias training was planned to be in collaboration with the Anti-Defamation League, a Jewish civil rights organization.[130] Tamika Mallory, a prominent activist and organizer of the 2017 Women's March, criticized the decision, accusing the ADL of "attacking black and brown people," further remarking in a tweet that "The ADL sends US police to Israel to learn their military practices. This is deeply troubling. Let's not even talk abt [sic] their attacks against .@blacklivesmatter."[131] Starbucks was subsequently reported by Politico to have dropped the ADL from its anti-bias training, a decision that critics called "giving in to bigotry." A Starbucks spokesperson disputed that the change was in response to political pressure, saying it was "architecting a multi-phase approach to addressing bias."[132]

See also

References
  1. "The Unhealthiest Hot Starbucks Drinks". The Huffington Post.
  2. "15 Facts About Starbucks That Will Blow Your Mind". Business Insider. March 25, 2011.
  3. "Special Report: How Starbucks avoids UK taxes". Reuters. October 15, 2012. Retrieved October 16, 2012.
  4. "Starbucks 'paid just £8.6m UK tax in 14 years'". BBC News. October 16, 2012. Retrieved October 16, 2012.
  5. "Starbucks paid no tax in the UK in the last 4 years". RTÉ News. Archived from the original on October 19, 2012. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
  6. Joe Lynam (October 16, 2012). Starbucks' tax payment is 'unfair' say independent cafes (video). BBC Newsnight. 1:20 minutes in. Retrieved November 12, 2012.
  7. Simon Neville and Shiv Malik (November 12, 2012). "Starbucks wakes up and smells the stench of tax avoidance controversy". The Guardian. London. Retrieved November 12, 2012.
  8. "Starbucks, Google and Amazon grilled over tax avoidance". BBC News. November 12, 2012. Retrieved November 12, 2012.
  9. Tom Berkin (November 1, 2012). "Special Report – Starbucks's European tax bill disappears down $100 million hole". Reuters. Retrieved November 12, 2012.
  10. Press Association (November 12, 2012). "Starbucks executive denies lying over UK losses". The Guardian. London. Retrieved November 12, 2012.
  11. "Starbucks may face UK tax probe as MP calls for probe". RTÉ. October 17, 2012. Archived from the original on January 12, 2013. Retrieved November 12, 2012.
  12. Escobales, Roxanne; McVeigh, Tracy (December 8, 2012). "Starbucks hit by UK Uncut protests as tax row boils over". Guardian. London. Retrieved December 8, 2012.
  13. "European Commission to probe tax affairs of Apple, Starbucks and Fiat". Europe Sun. Archived from the original on June 13, 2014. Retrieved June 12, 2014.
  14. "Commission decides selective tax advantages for Fiat in Luxembourg and Starbucks in the Netherlands are illegal under EU state aid rules". European Commission. Retrieved March 20, 2019.
  15. Hagen, Rutger; Wijsman, Sebastiaan (October 23, 2015). "Een 'straf' die Nederland bonus oplevert" [A 'punishment' that works as a bonus for Holland]. De Volkskrant.
  16. Klein, Naomi (November 24, 2009). No Logo. New York: Picador. pp. 135–140. ISBN 978-1-4299-5649-9.
  17. "Store Wars: Cappuccino Kings". BBC News. June 9, 2004. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
  18. Wander, Jonathan (March 2010). "Ken Zeff". Pittsburgh Magazine.
  19. Allison, Melissa (January 4, 2007). "Union struggles to reach, recruit Starbucks workers". The Seattle Times. Retrieved May 18, 2007.
  20. "Starbucks Workers Union Expands to Maryland in Spite of Harsh Anti-Union Effort | All News". Starbucks Union. January 19, 2007. Archived from the original on June 25, 2010. Retrieved October 24, 2010.
  21. Memo to Starbucks: Dig In, Smell the Coffee, Fight Back by Carl Horowitz
  22. Kamenetz, Anya (May 21, 2005). "New York Magazine". Newyorkmetro.com. Archived from the original on January 9, 2009. Retrieved October 24, 2010.
  23. "NLRB Settlement" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on January 5, 2011. Retrieved October 24, 2010.
  24. "New York Press". Nypress.com. June 28, 2006. Archived from the original on October 15, 2008. Retrieved October 24, 2010.
  25. "Global actions target Starbucks union-busters | All News". Starbucks Union. December 12, 2005. Archived from the original on June 25, 2010. Retrieved October 24, 2010.
  26. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on April 18, 2009. Retrieved February 7, 2016.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  27. Collins, Simon (November 24, 2005). "Starbucks staff stir for wage lift". The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on January 12, 2013. Retrieved May 18, 2007.
  28. Yue, Lorene (August 30, 2006). "Crain's Chicago Business". Chicagobusiness.com. Retrieved October 24, 2010.
  29. Nevil Gibson. "National Business Review". Nbr.co.nz. Archived from the original on February 5, 2008. Retrieved October 24, 2010.
  30. "Judge orders Starbucks to pay more than $100 million in back tips". Yahoo! Canada News. March 21, 2008. Archived from the original on March 24, 2008. Retrieved March 21, 2008.
  31. Bostonist.com Archived October 10, 2014, at the Wayback Machine Chestnut Hill, MA Starbucks Employee Sues
  32. Allison, Melissa (October 20, 2009). "Starbucks tip policy violates Minnesota law, says judge who denied class-action status". The Seattle Times. Retrieved February 19, 2020.
  33. Stephens, Alex; Jonathan Prynn (February 28, 2008). "Starbucks faces eviction as 'wrong kind of shop'". pp. Evening Standard. Archived from the original on October 11, 2008. Retrieved April 18, 2009.
  34. "St James's Street residents' victory over Starbucks". Archived from the original on August 21, 2008.
  35. "Anti-Starbucks protesters condemn store "arrogance"". The Argus.
  36. Lumley, Ruth (June 26, 2008). "St James's Street Starbucks – 'not a coffee shop'". Brighton Argus. Retrieved April 18, 2009.
  37. "Shop told to stop cafe operation". BBC News. December 5, 2008. Retrieved April 18, 2009.
  38. "Starbucks are the dregs." Private Eye. April 3, 2009. Retrieved April 18, 2009.
  39. "Coffee shop wins planning consent". BBC News. July 1, 2009. Retrieved December 22, 2010.
  40. Phillips, Daniel (April 7, 2009). "Starbucks wins planning appeal". Hertfordshire Mercury. Archived from the original on September 5, 2012. Retrieved April 18, 2009.
  41. Ferguson, Brian (January 26, 2002). "Is coffee firm making mocha of city rules?". Edinburgh Evening News. Archived from the original on June 15, 2011. Retrieved April 18, 2009.
  42. "Cafe giant faces shutdown". Manchester Evening News. July 9, 2001. Retrieved April 18, 2009.
  43. "Starbucks criticised over cafe". South Wales Echo. October 21, 2002. Archived from the original on August 12, 2011. Retrieved April 18, 2009.
  44. Kirk, Tristan (May 19, 2010). "Starbucks wins appeal to keep Pinner High Street cafe". Harrow Times. Retrieved December 22, 2010.
  45. McNeil, Rob (August 22, 2002). "Planners take on Starbucks". Evening Standard. Archived from the original on August 11, 2009. Retrieved April 18, 2009.
  46. Woodring, Doug (July 2, 2018). "Sharks and Starbucks: How brand licensees can impact your value". GreenBiz.
  47. "Animal activists take aim at Starbucks, claiming licence holder Maxim's continues to serve up shark fin". June 14, 2018.
  48. "In Pictures: Animal activists protest at Maxim's HQ over their continued sale of shark fin". June 16, 2018.
  49. "央视批星巴克咖啡暴利引热议". Finance.sina.com.cn. October 21, 2013. Retrieved May 9, 2014.
  50. "Starbucks Is Criticized by Chinese State Media for Higher Prices". The Wall Street Journal. October 21, 2013. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
  51. "Starbucks accused of underfilling lattes in class-action lawsuit". ajc.
  52. "Starbucks lattes are 25 percent underfilled, new lawsuit claims". Today.com.
  53. "Starbucks wins dismissal in U.S. of underfilled latte lawsuit". January 7, 2018 – via www.reuters.com.
  54. "Judge allows Starbucks customers to sue over underfilled lattes". The Guardian. June 20, 2016.
  55. "Starbucks Opposes Ethiopia Coffee Trademark Plan". www.oxfamamerica.org. Retrieved December 20, 2019.
  56. "Fair trade or a trade fare?". SFK Inc. | SKK Marine | SFK SecCon. March 27, 2018. Retrieved December 20, 2019.
  57. Seager, Ashley (May 3, 2007). "Starbucks strikes deal with Ethiopia". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved December 20, 2019.
  58. Geller, Adam (November 12, 2015). "Tempest in a Coffee Cup: What's Starbucks Flap All About?". ABC News. Associated Press. Retrieved November 21, 2015.
  59. Ember, Sydney (November 10, 2015) "Outcry Over Starbucks Holiday Cups" The Wall Street Journal, page B2
  60. Whitten, Sarah (November 13, 2015). "Starbucks holiday red cup brews controversy on social media". CNBC. Retrieved November 21, 2015.
  61. Kruta, Virginia. "This Guy Came Up With a Way For Christians to 'Prank' Starbucks Into Saying 'Merry Christmas'". Independent Journal Review. Retrieved November 12, 2016.
  62. Filloon, Whitney (November 10, 2015). "Starbucks' Holiday Cup Controversies, Explained". Eater. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  63. Sugar, Rachel (November 2, 2018). "The controversial history of the annual Starbucks holiday cup". Vox. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  64. Bowerman, Mary. "#ItsJustACup mocks Starbucks' red cup controversy". USA TODAY. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  65. "Starbucks wants its baristas to talk about race". Business Insider. March 17, 2015.
  66. "Starbucks Faces Criticism Over 'Race Together' Campaign". NPR.org. March 18, 2015.
  67. "The Top 5 Tweets From Starbucks' #RaceTogether Fiasco". Fast Company.
  68. "This Is What Happens When You Walk Into Starbucks And Talk To The Barista About Race". Co.Create.
  69. "How absurd is the Starbucks #RaceTogether campaign? THIS absurd (the ridicule will crack you up)". Twitchy.
  70. "Starbucks #RaceTogether campaign mocked online". BBC News.
  71. Corey Du medium.com
  72. "Starbucks ends 'Race Together' campaign in stores, effort not over". Yahoo News Canada. March 22, 2015.
  73. "The Way I See It". Starbucks Coffee Company. Archived from the original on January 18, 2009. Retrieved March 29, 2009.
  74. Rosen, Rebecca (May 16, 2007). "Starbucks stirs things up with controversial quotes". The Denver Post. Retrieved March 29, 2009.
  75. Lynn, Cathy (October 19, 2005). "USATODAY.com - Starbucks stirs things up with a God quote on cups". Usatoday30.usatoday.com. Retrieved November 16, 2017.
  76. "Facts about Starbucks in the Middle East". Archived from the original on February 27, 2009. Retrieved February 7, 2016.
  77. Damian Thompson "The Starbucks conspiracy theory: how a coffee chain was libelled by anti-Zionists ", Daily Telegraph (blog), January 14, 2009
  78. Brendan O'Neill "Israel, Starbucks and the new irrationalism", spiked.online, January 14, 2009
  79. "Starbucks CEO Calls Himself 'an Active Zionist,' but Can You Find It Anywhere on the Web?". Arabnews.com. Archived from the original on July 24, 2009. Retrieved July 7, 2011.
  80. Ksenia Svetlova "Coffee libel in Egypt", The Jerusalem Post, July 30, 2010
  81. "Boycott Israel Campaign". Inminds.co.uk. Retrieved May 9, 2014.
  82. "Starbucks". Boycott Israel. Archived from the original on April 8, 2014. Retrieved May 9, 2014.
  84. Allison, Melissa (January 14, 2009). "Starbucks thrives in China, attacked in Beirut, London". The Seattle Times.
  85. Allison, Melissa (January 14, 2009). "Starbucks thrives in China, attacked in Beirut, London". Seattle Times. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
  86. "We couldn't stop attacks on Starbucks, police admit". Archived from the original on February 27, 2009. Retrieved January 20, 2009. by Mark Blunden, Evening Standard, January 19, 2009.
  87. "Press Releases - Starbucks Dissolves Joint Venture with the Delek Group of Israel". gr.starbucks.com. Archived from the original on August 19, 2014. Retrieved August 18, 2014.
  88. "Facts about Starbucks in the Middle East | Starbucks Newsroom". news.starbucks.com. Retrieved August 18, 2014.
  89. "Rumor Response: Misinformation About Starbucks and the United States Military". Starbucks. January 11, 2005. Archived from the original on June 20, 2008. Retrieved September 22, 2009.
  90. Ugly Rumours Archived October 6, 2009, at the Wayback Machine Communicate magazine, September 2009
  91. Mikkelson, Barbara. "G.I. Joe". Snopes. Retrieved September 22, 2009.
  92. Warner, Melanie (December 26, 2004). "Cup of Coffee, Grain of Salt". The New York Times. Retrieved September 22, 2009.
  93. "Brady Campaign Urges Starbucks To Prohibit Guns In Its Retail Outlets". Brady Campaign. Archived from the original on October 14, 2011. Retrieved February 15, 2012.
  94. "Starbucks Target of Anti-Second Amendment Groups, But Advocates Organize Counter Rally in Hawaii and Other States". Hawaii Reporter. Retrieved February 14, 2012.
  95. "Starbucks Position on Open Carry Gun Laws". Starbucks. Archived from the original on February 11, 2012. Retrieved February 14, 2012.
  96. "GVAC Email Starbucks". GVAC. Archived from the original on January 31, 2012. Retrieved February 14, 2012.
  97. "Boycott against Starbucks over gun laws". abc4.com. Archived from the original on February 17, 2012. Retrieved February 15, 2012.
  98. "Guns and coffee: Starbucks again an open carry policy battleground". Loundon times. Archived from the original on January 3, 2013. Retrieved February 14, 2012.
  99. "Starbucks, in switch, asks customers not to bring guns into stores". NBC News. Archived from the original on September 20, 2013. Retrieved September 18, 2013.
  100. Harlow, Poppy; O'Toole, James (September 18, 2013). "Starbucks to customers: Please don't bring your guns!". CNN. Retrieved September 18, 2013.
  101. NOM Launches Starbucks Boycott Over Same-Sex Marriage Stance Retrieved July 19, 2012
  102. "Why Starbucks' pro-gay marriage stance won't hurt its bottom line". News.yahoo.com. March 21, 2013. Retrieved May 9, 2014.
  103. "Thank Starbucks for standing up for gay rights". sumofus.org. Archived from the original on March 22, 2012.
  104. "U.S. 21st country to allow same-sex marriage nationwide". CNN. June 26, 2015.
  105. Liptak, Adam. "Same-Sex Marriage Is a Right, Supreme Court Rules, 5-4". The New York Times. Retrieved June 26, 2015.
  106. "Obergefell et al. v. Hodges, Director, Ohio, Department of Health, et al" (PDF). supremecourt.gov. Retrieved June 26, 2015.
  107. "Malaysia, Indonesia Muslim groups call for Starbucks boycott". Chicago Tribune. Associated Press. Retrieved July 11, 2017. This week and last, leaders of Indonesia's second largest mainstream Muslim group, Muhammadiyah, with an estimated 29 million members, denounced the chain.
  108. "Malaysian Muslim group joins Indonesian call for Starbucks boycott over LGBT stand". Reuters. July 6, 2017. Retrieved November 16, 2017.
  109. "After Indonesia, Perkasa calls for boycott against Starbucks over 'pro-LGBT stand' (VIDEO) | Malaysia". Malay Mail Online. July 2, 2017. Retrieved November 16, 2017.
  110. "Indonesia, Malaysia Muslim groups call for Starbucks boycott over LGBT stance". Archived from the original on July 4, 2017. Retrieved July 11, 2017.
  111. "Full Executive Order Text: Trump's Action Limiting Refugees Into the U.S." The New York Times. January 27, 2017. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 1, 2017.
  112. Shear, Michael D.; Nixon, Ron (January 29, 2017). "How Trump's Rush to Enact an Immigration Ban Unleashed Global Chaos". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 30, 2017.
  113. Shaffer, Leslie (January 30, 2017). "Starbucks CEO Howard Schultz: We will hire 10,000 refugees". NBC News. Retrieved January 30, 2017.
  114. "Starbucks Faces Boycott After Pledging to Hire Refugees". Fortune. Retrieved January 30, 2017.
  115. "People are boycotting Starbucks after CEO announces plan to hire thousands of refugees". Business Insider. Retrieved January 30, 2017.
  116. "Starbucks coffee in California must have cancer warning, judge says". Reuters.
  117. "Starbucks, others must carry cancer warning in California, judge rules". CBS.
  118. "Philadelphia mayor 'heartbroken' after black men arrested at Starbucks". wfmynews2.com. Retrieved April 16, 2018.
  119. Kelly McCleary and Amir Vera. "A video of black men being arrested at Starbucks. Three very different reactions". cnn.com. Retrieved April 16, 2018.
  120. Horton, Alex (April 15, 2018). "Starbucks CEO apologizes after employee calls police on black men waiting at a table". Retrieved April 16, 2018 – via www.washingtonpost.com.
  121. Isidore, Chris. "Black men arrested at Philadelphia Starbucks agree to meet with CEO". cnn.com. Retrieved April 16, 2018.
  122. "Protesters swarm Starbucks after 2 black men were arrested in Philly". aol.com. Retrieved April 16, 2018.
  123. "Outrage Grows Over 2 Black Men Arrested at Philly Starbucks". nbcphiladelphia.com. Retrieved April 16, 2018.
  124. "Spokesman: Philly Starbucks manager no longer employed at store". 6abc.com. April 15, 2018. Retrieved April 16, 2018.
  125. McLaughlin, Eliott C. "Cafe shut down after protesters enter, chanting, 'Starbucks coffee is anti-black!'". cnn.com. Retrieved April 16, 2018.
  126. "Starbucks to shut 8,000 U.S. outlets for bias training after protests". CBC News. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
  127. "Men arrested at Starbucks settle for $1". BBC News. May 2, 2018. Retrieved May 2, 2018.
  128. "Black men arrested at Starbucks settle for $1 and $200K youth program". ABC News. Retrieved May 2, 2018.
  129. "Here's the racial bias training Starbucks employees got Tuesday, according to its architects". May 30, 2018.
  130. Abrams, Rachel (April 17, 2018). "Starbucks to Close 8,000 U.S. Stores for Racial-Bias Training After Arrests". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 15, 2019.
  131. "Women's March Leaders Slam Starbucks For Tapping ADL". The Forward. Retrieved January 15, 2019.
  132. Andrew Hanna. "Starbucks drops Jewish group from bias training". POLITICO. Retrieved January 15, 2019.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.