Cossinia

Cossinia is a genus of four species of rainforest trees, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae.[2] The genus has a disjunct distribution, occurring in Mascarene Islands, Australia, New Caledonia and Fiji.[1][2][3][4][5]

For the plebeian family, see Cossinia (gens).

Cossinia
Cossinia pinnata foliage
Cossinia pinnata flowers and developing fruits
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Sapindales
Family: Sapindaceae
Subfamily: Dodonaeoideae
Genus: Cossinia
Comm. ex Lam.[1][2]
Type species
Cossinia pinnata
Species

See text

Synonyms[3]

Melicopsidium Baill.

They grow naturally in rainforests, including seasonally drought–prone rainforests, and associated non–fire–adapted vegetation types.

Cossinia trifoliata trees, endemic to New Caledonia, have become vulnerable to global extinction according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)'s 1998 assessment.[6]

Cossinia australiana trees, endemic to restricted habitat areas of central-eastern and southeastern Queensland, Australia, have the official national and Queensland state governments' "endangered" conservation status.[7][8] Within their known endemic region the trees grow naturally in habitats which have historically had their native vegetation extensively destroyed and as of 2013 have been further threatened.[3][5][7][9]

Naming and classification

The genus was first described in 1786 by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck in Encyclopédie Méthodique: Botanique. The publication includes descriptions of the species Cossinia pinnata and C. triphylla, named earlier by Philibert Commerson.[1][2][3]

In 1982 Australian botanist Sally T. Reynolds formally described the new species name Cossinia australiana, recognised that C. triphylla is a synonym of C. pinnata and updated Ludwig A. T. Radlkofer's species identification key to include all four currently accepted species.[3]

Species
  • Cossinia australiana S.T.Reynolds – central–eastern to southeastern Queensland endemic, Australia[3][9]
  • Cossinia pacifica A.C.Sm. – Fiji endemic[10][11]
  • Cossinia pinnata Comm. ex Lam., syn.: C. triphylla Comm. ex Lam. – Réunion and Mauritius –Mascarene Islands endemic (Indian Ocean)[1]
  • Cossinia trifoliata (Baill.) Radlk., syn.: Melicopsidium trifoliatum Baill. – New Caledonia endemic[4] –  Vulnerable[6]

References
  1. Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste; Poiret, Jean Louis Marie (1786). "Cossinia" (Digitised archive copy, online, from biodiversitylibrary.org). Encyclopédie Méthodique: Botanique (1783–1808) (in French). 2. Paris, Liège: Panckoucke; Plomteux. p. 132. Retrieved 17 Dec 2013.
  2. "Cossinia%". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS) database (listing by % wildcard matching of all taxa relevant to Australia). Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. Retrieved 17 Dec 2013.
  3. Reynolds, Sally T. (1982). "Notes on Sapindaceae in Australia, II". Austrobaileya. 1 (5): 488–492. JSTOR 41738633.
  4. Morat, P.; Jaffré, T.; Tronchet, F.; Munzinger, J.; Pillon, Y.; Veillon, J.-M.; Chalopin, M. (27 May 2014) [Dec 2012–]. "The taxonomic database "Florical" and characteristics of the indigenous Flora of New Caledonia" (PDF). Adansonia. sér. 3. 34 (2): 177–219. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 8 Dec 2014. Lay summary – Herbier: Florical (2014).
  5. Reynolds, Sally T. (1985). "Cossinia Comm. ex Lam." (online version). Flora of Australia: Volume 25—Melianthaceae to Simaroubaceae. Flora of Australia series. CSIRO Publishing / Australian Biological Resources Study. p. 164. ISBN 978-0-644-03724-2.
  6. "Cossinia trifoliata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1998. 1998. Retrieved 24 Dec 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  7. Cossinia australiana — Cossinia, Species Profile and Threats Database, Department of the Environment and Heritage, Australia. Retrieved 17 Dec 2013
  8. Queensland Government (27 Sep 2013). "Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 2006" (PDF). Nature Conservation Act 1992. Online, accessed from www.legislation.qld.gov.au. Australia. p. 33. Retrieved 17 Dec 2013.
  9. Reynolds, Sally T. (1985). "Cossinia australiana S.T.Reynolds" (online version). Flora of Australia: Volume 25—Melianthaceae to Simaroubaceae. Flora of Australia series. CSIRO Publishing / Australian Biological Resources Study. p. 164. ISBN 978-0-644-03724-2.
  10. Smith, Albert C. (15 July 1950). "Studies of Pacific plants VII". Journal of the Arnold Arboretum. 31 (3): 288–319. Retrieved 3 Jan 2014. See pp. 300–302, Cossignia pacifica sp. nov..
  11. Smith, Albert C. (1985). "Cossignia Commerson ex Lam.; Cossignia pacifica A.C.Sm." (Digitised, online, via biodiversitylibrary.org). Flora Vitiensis nova: a new Flora of Fiji. 3. Lawai, Kauai, Hawaii: Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden. pp. 613–615. Retrieved 17 Dec 2013.
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