Commelinoideae

Commelinoideae is a subfamily of monocotyledonous flowering plants in the dayflower family (Commelinaceae). The Commelinoideae is one of two subfamilies within the Commelinaceae and includes 39 genera (out of 41 in the family) and all but 12 of the family's several hundred known species. The subfamily is further broken down into two tribes, the Tradescantieae, which includes 26 genera and about 300 species, and the Commelineae, which contains 13 genera and about 350 species.

Commelinoideae
Commelina maculata in Narsapur, Medak district, India.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Commelinales
Family: Commelinaceae
Subfamily: Commelinoideae
Faden & D.R. Hunt
Tribes

The Commelinoideae is separated morphologically from the other subfamily, Cartonematoideae, in having glandular microhairs, arteries containing needle-like calcium oxalate crystals called raphide canals in between the veins of the leaves, and flowers that are virtually never both yellow and actinomorphic.[1] Molecular phylogenetics also supports the separation of the two subfamilies. [2]

Phylogeny

The following is a phylogeny, or evolutionary tree, of most of the genera in Commelinoideae based on DNA sequences from the plastid gene rbcL[2]

 
Subfamily Commelinoideae
Tribe Tradescantieae
 

Tinantia

 
 
 

Weldenia

 
 

Thysanthemum

 
 
 
 

Elasis

 
 

Tradescantia + Gibasis

 
 

Callisia + Tripogandra

 
 
 
 
 

Amischotolype

 
 

Coleotrype

 
 
 
 

Cyanotis

 
 

Belosynapsis

 
 
 
 
 

Dichorisandra

 
 

Siderasis

 
 
 

Cochliostema

 
 

Plowmanianthus

 
 

Geogenanthus

 
 

Palisota

 
 

Spatholirion

 
 
Tribe Commelineae
 
 

Commelina

 
 

Pollia

 
 

Polyspatha

 
 

Aneilema + Rhopalephora

 
 
 
 

Floscopa

 
 

Stanfieldiella

 
 
 

Buforrestia

 
 
 

Murdannia

 
 

Anthericopsis

 
 
 
 
 

References
  1. Faden, Robert B. (1998), "Commelinaceae", in Kubitzki, Klaus (ed.), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, IV, Berlin: Springer, pp. 109–128
  2. Evans, Timothy M.; Systsma, Kenneth J.; Faden, Robert, B.; Givnish, Thomas J. (2003), "Phylogenetic Relationships in the Commelinaceae: A Cladistic Analysis of rbcL Sequences and Morphology", Systematic Botany, 28 (2): 270–292, doi:10.1043/0363-6445-28.2.270

Bibliography
  • Jean H. Burns, Robert B. Faden, and Scott J. Steppan. (2011) Phylogenetic Studies in the Commelinaceae Subfamily Commelinoideae Inferred from Nuclear Ribosomal and Chloroplast DNA Sequences. Systematic Botany 36(2): 268–276. doi:10.1600/036364411X569471

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