Clunes, Victoria

Clunes is a town in Victoria, Australia, 36 kilometres north of Ballarat, in the Shire of Hepburn. At the 2016 census it had a population of 1,728.[1]

Clunes
Victoria
Main street of Clunes
Clunes
Coordinates37°18′0″S 143°47′0″E
Population11,789 (2016 census)[1]
Establishedmid-1850s
Postcode(s)3370
Elevation310 m (1,017 ft)
Location
LGA(s)Shire of Hepburn
State electorate(s)Ripon
Federal Division(s)Ballarat
Mean max temp Mean min temp Annual rainfall
19.6 °C
67 °F		 6.3 °C
43 °F		 575.2 mm
22.6 in

History

Pre-colonial

The Djadja Wurrung people were the first inhabitants of the region including the settlement which later became Clunes.

Frontier War

During the Blood Hole massacre, a group of Aboriginal men were given plaster of Paris instead of flour in an effort to poison them by the cook in December 1839.

The Aborigines sought safety by diving into the waterhole and there they were shot, one at a time, as they came up for air. The place is still known as 'The Blood-Hole'."[2][3]

Discovery of gold
View of Clunes and the Port Phillip and Colonial Gold Mining Company operations in 1861, State Library Victoria pictures collection.

The town was home to Victoria's first registered gold discovery made by William Campbell in 1850.[4] This discovery was not made public until 1851.[5] In 1851 German Herman Brunn visited the site of Campbell's discovery on Donald Cameron's run the 'Clunes'. He then traveled the area informing all he met of the find on Cameron's run 'Clunes'. He told James Esmond who traveled to Clunes and inspected the site[6] and collected a gold sample which he took to gold assayer in Geelong on 7 July 1851. He also informed Arthur Clark editor of the Geelong Advertiser, requesting that nothing would be said until he returned from Melbourne with equipment. In August 1851 a Mr. Davies from Avoca revealed[7] in the Geelong Advertiser that the site was at Clunes. William Campbell's announcement in Melbourne and Davies news item triggered the gold rush in Victoria. The township was established a few years later and subsequent gold mining predominantly driven by the Port Phillip and Colonial Mining Company which was mining the site of the discovery[8] saw the town's population rising to well over 6,000 residents in the late 1880s.

Clunes post office opened as early as 1 October 1857[9] and in 1874 Clunes was connected to the Victorian railway network. Clunes station was opened in the same year.

In 1873 mine employers attempted to introduce Saturday afternoon and Sunday shifts. The miners refused to sign the new terms outlined in their contract renewals and went on a strike that lasted 3 months. Some days into the action the miners organised the Clunes Miners' Association and what were to become known as the Clunes riots, successfully resisting the use of Chinese labour from Creswick[10] as strikebreakers.[11]

From the 1850s through to 1893, when gold mining eventually came to an end, Clunes was an important gold production location in Victoria. Surrounded by grassland, meadows and pastures, the town has preserved many of its elegant historic buildings until today and is recognised as one of the architecturally most-intact gold towns in Victoria.

Twentieth century

The Clunes Magistrates' Court closed on 1 January 1983.[12]

Notable residents
  • Jean Beadle (1868–1942) – labour leader, feminist and social worker[13]
  • Rivett Henry Bland (1811–1894) – manager of the Port Phillip and Colonial Gold Mining Company from 1852 and the Clunes Quartz Mining Company who oversaw the development and success of the mine.[14]
  • Nancy Jobson (1880–1964) – headmistress[15]
  • Robert (Bob) Lewis (1878–1947) – jockey[16]
  • Sir John Longstaff (1861–1941) – artist[17]
  • Harley Tarrant (1860–1949) – businessman[18]
  • Nick Hind (b. 1994) – AFL player[19]

Present

Concept

The idea of transforming Clunes into a European-style booktown was first conceived and developed by Councillor Tim Hayes, Linda Newitt, Graeme Johnston and Tess Brady. Clunes held its first 'Booktown for a Day' event on 20 May 2007. Over 50 booksellers from around Australia set up shop for the day in the town's heritage buildings.

Renamed to 'Back to Booktown' a year later and to 'Clunes Booktown Festival' in 2012, the township now holds the event each year on the first weekend in May.[20] It has become the largest collection of books in any regional centre of Australia and the major Victorian regional book event.

Awards and recognition
  • In 2008 'Back to Booktown' won Hepburn Shire's Community Event of the Year.
  • On 21 January 2010 the Hon. John Brumby, Premier of Victoria, said during the Australia Day Luncheon: 'In Victoria we even have our very own booktown. The regional community of Clunes in north-west Victoria sees its future as a cultural destination centred around literature. As well as their successful 'Back to Booktown' festival, just last month our Government helped launch the new Creative Clunes Community Bookshop.'
  • On 23 November 2010 'Clunes - Back to Booktown' was awarded the Australian Civic Trust 'Award of Merit' in the Human Category for its use of heritage buildings in a 'respectful, as against destructive use.'
  • On 19 April 2012 Clunes was given 'International Booktown' status—a title awarded to the town by the 'International Organisation of Booktowns'. Clunes is the first town in the Southern Hemisphere and the 15th town world-wide to have received the official recognition.
  • The Australia Day awards for 2013 for Hepburn Shire's Community Event of the Year were awarded to 'Children's Booktown 2012'.

Wesley College campus (Wesley@Clunes)

In recent years Clunes has undergone a noticeable transformation and rejuvenation[21] following the decision by Wesley College, Australia's largest co-educational private school, to establish a campus for Year 9 students in the town. Opened in 2000, about 80 students take up residency in the Wesley Clunes Residential Learning Village in the centre of town and become part of the local community for an eight-week period each term. where they learn how to take care of themselves for when they grow up.

Film

Many of the external scenes and some internal scenes in the 2003 film Ned Kelly, starring Heath Ledger, were shot in Clunes. The Old State Bank in Fraser Street was used for the internal scenes featuring the "Euroa" bank robbery.

Clunes also appears in the films Mad Max starring Mel Gibson, as the town the Toe Cutters gang arrive at to collect the Night Riders body, and the remake of the 1950s classic On the Beach. It also appears in the ABC television series' Queen Kat, Carmel & St Jude, Something in the Air and Halifax f.p..

Clunes was once closed off to the public for the TV show The Mole in 2001. The mission in that episode was to direct one of the contestants to pick up another contestant in a blacked-out car.

More recently Clunes has been used for movies and TV shows such as:

as well as some scenes for the upcoming True History of the Kelly Gang.[26]

A recent film shot in Clunes is Julius Avery's 13-minute movie Jerrycan. Jerrycan won the 2008 Jury Prize at the 61st Cannes Film Festival in France for short films, with its portrayal of restless teenagers in rural Victoria.[27]

Sport
Clunes Football Ground, home of the Clunes Magpies

The town's Australian rules football/netball team is the Clunes Magpies, competing in the Central Highlands Football League and Central Highlands Netball League.[28]

Golfers play at the Clunes Golf Club on Golf Course Road.[29]

  • Clunes has a cricket club playing in the Maryborough District Cricket Association.
  • Clunes has a lawn bowls club that competes in the Ballarat District Bowls Division.

Transport

Clunes railway station is located on the Mildura line.

When the State Government announced the Victorian Transport Plan, along with V/Line services being extended to Maryborough, Clunes was not part of the plan (with the only stations being Creswick and Maryborough). However, as a result of protest by the town, the Government announced on 17 June 2010 that Clunes would be reopened and included on the line.[30]

References
  1. Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). "Clunes (State suburb)". 2016 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
  2. Venosta, Jeremy (6 July 2017). "New light shed on murders". The Courier. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  3. Evershed, Nick; Ball, Andy; Allam, Lorena; O'Mahony, Ciaran; Nadel, Jeremy; Earl, Carly. "The killing times: a massacre map of Australia's frontier wars". the Guardian. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  4. https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/papers/govpub/VPARL1853-54NoD17.pdf
  5. Campbells evidence to Gold Rewards Committee
  6. James Flett Discovery of Gold in Victoria
  7. Geelong Advertiser archives Evidence at Gold Rewards Hearing 1854
  8. History of The Port Phillip Mining Company
  9. Premier Postal History. "Post Office List". Retrieved 11 April 2008.
  10. Ballaret Courier 1873
  11. The Ballarat Star (Vic. : 1865–1924) Wed 10 December 1873 Page 2 RIOTS AT CLUNES
  12. "Special Report No. 4 - Court Closures in Victoria" (PDF). Auditor-General of Victoria. 1986. p. 79. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  13. "Australian Dictionary of Biography".
  14. Blainey, G, The Rush that Never Ended, MUP, 1978.
  15. "Australian Dictionary of Biography".
  16. "Australian Dictionary of Biography".
  17. "Australian Dictionary of Biography".
  18. "Australian Dictionary of Biography".
  19. "Wikipedia".
  20. "Clunes Back to Booktown". Clunes.org. Archived from the original on 1 May 2008. Retrieved 8 February 2008.
  21. "Who's Owning Whom and Why Does It Matter? – Looking at Learning as Community Development". aare.edu.au. Doug Lloyd and Tamara Downey. 12 March 2009. Archived from the original on 21 October 2008. Retrieved 12 March 2009.
  22. https://www.abc.net.au/tv/programs/tomorrow-when-the-war-began/
  23. Kachka, Boris. "How to End a TV Show: An Exclusive Look at the Making of The Leftovers Finale". www.vulture.com.
  24. https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2018/may/10/picnic-at-hanging-rock-review-tale-of-missing-schoolgirls-haunted-by-its-own-retelling
  25. https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/tv-and-radio/bloom-is-proof-australian-tv-can-be-as-bold-as-anything-from-overseas-20181224-p50o48.html
  26. https://www.stan.com.au/watch/true-history-of-the-kelly-gang
  27. "From Cairns to Clunes to Cannes". Jo Roberts. theage.com.au. 27 May 2008. Retrieved 27 May 2008.
  28. Full Points Footy. "Clunes". Archived from the original on 7 September 2008. Retrieved 25 July 2008.
  29. Golf Select. "Clunes". Retrieved 11 May 2009.
  30. "Possibility of reopening railway stations". The Maryborough District Advertiser. 26 August 2011.
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