Cleveland, Queensland

Cleveland is a coastal and central locality of Redland City, Queensland, Australia.[2] In the 2016 census, Cleveland had a population of 14,801 people.[1]

Cleveland
Redland City, Queensland
Norfolk Pines in G.J. Walter Park, Cleveland
Cleveland
Coordinates27°32′S 153°16′E
Population14,801 (2016 census)[1]
 • Density1,254/km2 (3,249/sq mi)
Established1850
Postcode(s)4163
Area11.8 km2 (4.6 sq mi)
Location25 km (16 mi) from Brisbane
LGA(s)Redland City
State electorate(s)Oodgeroo
Federal Division(s)Bowman
Suburbs around Cleveland:
Ormiston Moreton Bay Moreton Bay
Alexandra Hills Cleveland North Stradbroke Island
Thornlands Thornlands Thornlands

History
Raby Bay Estate Map, 1885

Cleveland was the traditional territory of the Koobenpul clan of the Quandamooka.[3] There are conflicting reports as to the naming of Cleveland; it was either named in 1770 by Captain James Cook in honour of John Clevland, the Secretary of the Admiralty around the time,[4] or by surveyors in the 1840s, in honour of William Vane, 1st Duke of Cleveland.[5] The latter is more likely as Cook did not enter Moreton Bay when he passed by on the 17th of May 1770 and it is not mentioned in his journal.[6]

European settlement of Brisbane and surrounding areas was banned from 1824 until 1842, due to the Moreton Bay Penal Settlement, but the area to become Cleveland was first surveyed in 1840, and in 1841, was recommended for a maritime or seaport township. In 1847 a navigation beacon was established at Cleveland Point.[7]

In 1847, the Government planned for the new town, and on 13 December 1850, Cleveland was proclaimed a township.[8] The first land sales of the new township took place a year later, with early purchases primarily around Cleveland Point, at the time an early candidate for a major port to replace Brisbane. Brisbane was troubled by sand bars across the mouth of the Brisbane River, and Cleveland Point was closer to the southern passage (the entrance to Moreton Bay between North Stradbroke Island and Moreton Island).

Sign in G.J. Walter Park marking where Governor Sir George Gipps landed, 1842

However, when Governor Sir George Gipps visited Cleveland in 1842, it is reported that upon disembarking his boat, he immediately sank into the mudflats up to his waist. He was so annoyed by this that he changed his mind and suggested Ipswich.[4][9] A series of wreckings in the southern passage led to ships using the longer but safer northern entrance between Bribie and Moreton islands. This, and an unfortunate fire at the Cleveland jetty, removed any hopes for Cleveland. In 1852, the first large buildings were built in Cleveland; what is now the Grand View Hotel, and the Old Courthouse, at the time a workers cottage. Farms sprang up; a brickworks was built at the point, and a wool store to handle shipping. The first mail service to Cleveland began in 1861, with the first school established at the same time. The wool store, unused because of Cleveland's failure as a port, was converted into a sawmill, which supplied timber to a shipyard built at the Point. The population at this time was only 270.[8] Tourism blossomed with the arrival of the first regular steamer service to Cleveland in 1864.

The Cleveland Point Light

The Cleveland Point Light was also constructed in 1864, and was only replaced in 1969.[4] From this time, the most popular crop was sugar cane, until it was replaced by the popularity of fruits such as passion fruit and strawberries.

A rail line connecting Brisbane to Cleveland was completed in 1889, and with it tourism, residential subdivisions and farming further grew in the area.[5]

The area now known as G.J. Walter Park was originally proclaimed a reserve by the Government on 13 March 1889.[10] This area was used mainly by residents and day trippers for swimming, picnicking and general park use.[11] This area is included on the Redland City Council's Register of Heritage Places classified as being of local significance.[12]

Sketch of Cleveland as viewed from the Brighton (Grand View) Hotel, 1892

The rail line continued further than it does today, terminating at Cleveland Point - the existing Cleveland station was constructed later, for passenger use. The Redlands attracted farming families and became a district known for producing top quality fruits and vegetables with crops of strawberries, tomatoes, pineapples, custard apples, citrus fruits, bananas, herbs and vegetables grown very successfully.

Shore Street, Cleveland looking south. View of Brighton (Grand View) Hotel, 1907

By the outbreak of World War I, the population in Cleveland had hit 540. However, in 1960, lack of demand ended the rail service to Cleveland, and it was only restored twenty years later, by which time the population of Cleveland was over 5000. The completion of the Leslie Harrison Dam allowed town water to be connected to the shire, with the majority of the town being serviced by 1970. Construction of the Raby Bay canal estate broke ground in 1983,[13] and by 1992, the population of Cleveland was nearing 10,000.[8] The current Cleveland Library opened in 1997.[14]

Cleveland Point, c. 1920

Geography

Cleveland is located on the western shores of Moreton Bay approximately

25 kilometres (16 mi) east-south-east of Brisbane, the capital of the Australian state of Queensland. It comprises commercial, residential and industrial areas and is the location of Redland City's Council Chambers, offices and various cultural facilities.

Toondah Harbour
Mangroves immediately south of Toondah Harbour

Toondah Harbour is the location of the Stradbroke Island Ferry Terminal used by water taxis and vehicular ferries to provide access to North Stradbroke Island. This area of Moreton Bay is naturally shallow but the Fison Channel has been dredged to provide access for vehicular ferries which connect Cleveland to Dunwich.[15]

Toondah Harbour is situated in an area of coastal wetlands featuring sandbanks, mudflats and mangroves which provide important habitats for dugongs, turtles and many shorebird species including migratory birds such as the critically endangered[16] eastern curlew. Most of the wetlands in this area, except for Toondah Harbour and its primary channel, are within the boundaries of the Moreton Bay Ramsar site.[17]

Cassim Island, an area of sandbanks and mangroves located to the north of Toondah Harbour, provides the Harbour with shelter from northerly winds. The island is named after William Cassim, an early Cleveland hotel keeper.[15] Cassim Island provides a high value habitat for wading birds and other mangrove fauna.[18]

The Queensland Government is proposing extensive development between Toondah Harbour and Cassim Island including an 800 berth marina.[19]

On 23 February 2014 approximately 300 people attended a rally to protest against the Government's plans to "carve up" the G.J. Walter Park as part of its Toondah Harbour redevelopment proposal.[20]

A number of Queensland architects and planners reviewed the scheme at an Urban Design Workshop. The workshop Convenor said the group found the current Toondah scheme "too large, unfeasible and risky".[21] He said the workshop recommended smaller developments across the city linking Raby Bay with Cleveland's CBD and the ferry terminal.[22]

On 4 March 2014 a petition with 1,211 signatures calling for the Government's plans to be withdrawn was tabled in the Queensland Parliament.[23]

On 19 March the Council decided to ask the Queensland Government to make some changes to the plan which include reducing building heights from 15 storeys to 10 and a 400-berth marina at Toondah Harbour instead of 800 berths.[24]

In April 2014, after the consultation period had ended, the Redland City Council released copies of expert reports used to prepare the proposed development scheme.[25]

On 31 May 2014 an approved development scheme was released[26] together with a lengthy report on the 583 submissions received during the consultation period.[27]

Amenities
The Redland Museum, viewed from the Cleveland Showgrounds

A number of regionally important cultural facilities are located in Cleveland including:

Heritage listings
Fernleigh, Cleveland, Queensland house built c. 1870 by William Taylor
St. Paul's Anglican Church, 1905
Old Cleveland Courthouse

Cleveland has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:

Features

Major features of Cleveland include;

  • Cleveland Point and the Cleveland Point Light
  • G.J. Walter Park, a large public recreation facility located on coastal foreshores north of Toondah Harbour, overlooking Cassim Island
  • The Redland Hospital, including the Mater private hospital wing;
  • Cleveland Industrial Estate;
  • Raby Bay, an area of mangroves and mudflats which has been the subject of canal estate and marina development since 1983;
  • Cleveland Showgrounds, home to RedFest, Redlands United FC and many other events;
  • The Cleveland Markets, held in Bloomfield Street every Sunday morning;
  • Cleveland State School and Cleveland District State High School.
  • RedFest (formerly known as the Strawberry Festival from 1965–2001)[39]

Transport
"Moongalba" Vehicular Ferry
Vehicular ferry at Toondah Harbour

Major road access to Cleveland is provided by Finucane Road and Bloomfield Street. Cleveland railway station provides access to regular Queensland Rail City network services to Brisbane via the Cleveland Railway Line. In January 2013, a Queensland Rail suburban train overran the bumper at the end of the line and crashed into the toilet block of the train station.[40] Although initial impression were that the train's brakes had failed, the subsequent inquiry put the blame on the rails being made slippery by a combination of leaves, oil, and rain, possibly caused by a storm a few days earlier.[41]

Demographics
Raby Bay Marina

In the 2016 census, Cleveland recorded a population of 14,801 people, 52.6% female and 47.4% male.[1] The median age of the Cleveland population was 49 years, 11 years above the national median of 38. 64.8% of people living in Cleveland were born in Australia. The other top responses for country of birth were England 9.3%, New Zealand 5.8%, South Africa 2.0%, Scotland 1.3%, Germany 0.7%. 86.3% of people spoke only English at home; the next most common languages were, 1.1% Mandarin, 0.4% Cantonese, 0.4% German, 0.3% Afrikaans, 0.3% Spanish.[1]

Community groups
Protest against plans to develop marina and high rise buildings in area around G.J. Walter Park, Cleveland, Queensland

The Redlands branch of the Queensland Country Women's Association meets at 3 Waterloo Street.[42]

Notes
    Cassim Island viewed from G.J. Walter Park, Cleveland
    1. Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). "Cleveland (Qld)". 2016 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
    2. "Cleveland – locality (entry 43629)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 27 June 2017.
    3. Steele 2015.
    4. "Cleveland". The Age. 8 February 2004. Archived from the original on 12 October 2012. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
    5. "History of Cleveland". Redland Shire Council. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
    6. "Cook's Journal". South Seas Voyaging Accounts. Archived from the original on 7 March 2020. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
    7. "The Point Cleveland Lighthouse". Lighthouses of Australia. Archived from the original on 5 September 2013. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
    8. Brie, Kenneth (2001). Latitude 27 - Longitude 153, Moreton Bayside. Erinport Pub., and Sandgate & District Historical Society. ISBN 978-0-9578064-8-1.
    9. "Cleveland". Australian Heritage. Archived from the original on 5 March 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
    10. "Proclamation: Reserve for Public Purposes, Cleveland". Queensland Government Gazette. 46: 1079. 23 March 1889. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
    11. "Cleveland Parks". Redland City Council. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 17 February 2014.
    12. "Redlands Planning Scheme - Version 6, Part 9, Schedule 4-Heritage Places Register" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 18 February 2014.
    13. "Timeline: Cleveland: Settlement to 2000" (PDF). Redland City Council. 21 September 2006. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 April 2019. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
    14. "Public Libraries Statistical Bulletin 2016-17" (PDF). Public Libraries Connect. State Library of Queensland. November 2017. p. 15. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 January 2018. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
    15. Joshua Peter Bell, "Moreton Bay And How To Fathom It", Queensland Newspapers, 1984, p 52
    16. "Eastern Curlew". Department of the Environment and Energy. Australian Government. 26 May 2015. Archived from the original on 14 August 2018. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
    17. "Toondah Harbour environmental values ignored by Redland Council". Wildlife Bayside. Archived from the original on 3 March 2014. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
    18. Peter Davie et al, "Wild Guide To Moreton Bay", Queensland Museum, 1998, p 376
    19. Hurst, Brian (13 January 2014). "Marina plan for Cleveland revamp". Bayside Bulletin. Archived from the original on 18 January 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
    20. "Future of GJ Walter Park defines Toondah debate". Bayside Bulletin. 24 February 2014. Archived from the original on 28 February 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
    21. Kerr, Judith (3 March 2014). "Toondah think tank opts for Raby Bay". Bayside Bulletin. Archived from the original on 6 March 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
    22. Kerr, Judith (3 March 2014). "Crucial council vote on Toondah". Bayside Bulletin. Archived from the original on 22 March 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
    23. Kerr, Judith (6 March 2014). "Parliament hears petition demanding new Toondah plan". Bayside Bulletin. Archived from the original on 8 March 2014. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
    24. Kerr, Judith (19 March 2014). "Council limits Toondah building heights, marina". Bayside Bulletin. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 3 April 2014.
    25. Kerr, Judith (30 April 2014). "Toondah and Weinam Creek expert reports released". Bayside Bulletin. Archived from the original on 5 May 2014. Retrieved 5 May 2014.
    26. "Toondah Harbour Priority Development Area Development Scheme May 2014" (PDF). Queensland Government. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 April 2015. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
    27. "Toondah Harbour Priority Development Area Development Scheme Submissions Report, May 2014" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 April 2015. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
    28. "Cleveland Library". Public Libraries Connect. State Library of Queensland. 24 April 2014. Archived from the original on 19 January 2018. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
    29. "Schedule 4 - Heritage Places Register" (PDF). Redland City Council. March 2006. p. 1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 September 2020. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
    30. "St Pauls Anglican Church (entry 600769)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
    31. "Cleveland No.1 Cemetery (entry 700008)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
    32. "Grandview Hotel (entry 600771)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
    33. "Cleveland Police Station and Court House (former) (entry 601933)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
    34. "Ye Olde Court House Restaurant (entry 600770)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
    35. "Fernleigh (entry 601374)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
    36. "Cleveland Lighthouse (former) (entry 600772)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
    37. "Cleveland Hotel (former) (entry 601130)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
    38. "Norfolk Island Pine Trees (entry 602181)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
    39. "The History of RedFest". Archived from the original on 3 September 2014. Retrieved 3 September 2014.
    40. "Train crashes into station on Brisbane's bayside". ABC News. 31 January 2013. Archived from the original on 16 May 2013. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
    41. Worthington, Elise (14 March 2013). "Slippery tracks caused Cleveland train crash: ATSB". ABC News. Archived from the original on 18 May 2013. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
    42. "Branch Locations". Queensland Country Women's Association. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 26 December 2018.
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