Cixiinae

Cixiinae is a planthopper subfamily in the family Cixiidae. It is one of three such subfamilies, the other two being the Bothriocerinae and the Borystheninae.[1] While a few species had been tested in a larger study of the Fulgoroidea,[2] neither the Cixiinae nor its tribes were analysed cladistically until 2002.[1][3] Resolution of tribal relationships is incomplete and additional testing of the tribes with samples larger than one per tribe is needed.[4]

Cixiinae
Cixius nervosus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hemiptera
Infraorder: Fulgoromorpha
Family: Cixiidae
Subfamily: Cixiinae
Tribes
  • See text

Tribes

In 1938 Metcalf divided the Cixiinae into tribes, including the Cixiini and Oecleini of Muir;[5] however, those divisions were seldom referred to and remained unanlaysed for decades.[2] Subsequently, the Stenophlepsiini were returned to the Cixiinae, and the Pentastirini were subdivided into the Pentastirina and Oliarina subtribes.[2][6] However, Oliarina was later synonymized under Pentastirina.[7] In 2002, Emeljanov created seven new tribes[3][4] and in 2004 subtribe Mnemosynina of tribe Pentastirini was raised to tribal level as the Mnemosynini.[8]

Currently there are sixteen recognized tribes, although some tribes lack adequate description:[4]

  • Andini Emeljanov, 2002
  • Bennarellini Emeljanov, 1989
  • Bennini Metcalf, 1938
  • Brixidiini Emeljanov, 2002
  • Brixiini Emeljanov, 2002
  • Cajetini Emeljanov, 2002
  • Cixiini Muir, 1923 - non-monophyletic[4]
  • Duiliini Emeljanov, 2002
  • Eucarpiini Emeljanov, 2002 - monophyletic[4]
  • Gelastocephalini Emeljanov, 2000 - putatively monophyletic[4]
  • Mnemosynini Szwedo, 2004 - monophyletic[4]
  • Oecleini Muir, 1922 - non-monophyletic[4]
  • Pentastirini Emeljanov, 1971 - monophyletic[4]
  • Pintaliini Metcalf, 1938 - non-monophyletic[4]
  • Semonini Emeljanov, 2002 - putatively monophyletic[4]
  • Stenophlepsiini Metcalf, 1938

References
  1. Larivière, Marie‐Claude & Hoch, Hannelore (1998). "The New Zealand planthopper genus Semo White (Hemiptera: Cixiidae): taxonomic review, geographical distribution, and biology" (PDF). New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 25 (4): 429–442, page 429. doi:10.1080/03014223.1998.9518166. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 January 2014.
  2. Emeljanov, A. F. (1989). "To the problem of division of the family Cixiidae (Homoptera, Cicadina)" (PDF). Entomological Review. 68 (4): 54–67. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 January 2014.
  3. Emeljanov, A. F. (2002). "Contribution to classification and phylogeny of the family Cixiidae (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha)" (PDF). Denisia. 4: 103–112. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 January 2014.
  4. Ceotto, Paula; Bourgoin, Thierry (2008). "Insights into the phylogenetic relationships within Cixiidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha): cladistic analysis of a morphological dataset" (PDF). Systematic Entomology. 33 (3): 484–500. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2008.00426.x. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 January 2014.
  5. Metcalf, Zeno Payne (1938). "The Fulgorina of Barro Colorado and other parts of Panama". Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. 82 (5): 277–423.
  6. Emeljanov, A. F. (1971). "New genera of leafhoppers of the families Cixiidae and Issidãe (Homoptera, Auchenorrhyncha) in the USSR" (PDF). Entomological Review (Энтомологическое обозрение). 50 (3): 350–354. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 January 2014.
  7. Holzinger, W. E.; Emeljanov, A. F.; Kammerlander, I. (2002). "The family Cixiidae Spinola 1839 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha)–a review" (PDF). Denisia. 4: 113–138. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 January 2014.
  8. Szwedo, Jacek (2004). "Autrimpus sambiorum gen. and sp. nov. from Eocene Baltic amber and notes on Mnemosynini stat. nov. (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Cixiidae)". Annales Zoologici. BioOne (Museum and Institute of Zoology at the Polish Academy of Sciences). 54 (3): 567–578. Abstract


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