Chrosiothes

Chrosiothes is a genus of comb-footed spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1894.[3] It is considered a senior synonym of Theridiotis.[2]

Chrosiothes Temporal range: Neogene– Present PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
female C. niteroi
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Chelicerata
Class:	Arachnida
Order:	Araneae
Infraorder:	Araneomorphae
Family:	Theridiidae
Genus:	Chrosiothes Simon, 1894[1]
Type species
C. silvaticus Simon, 1894
Species
27, see text
Synonyms[1]
Theridiotis Levi, 1954[2]

They have thick legs and two minute setae in place of a colulus. Males are noticeably smaller than females. Females of C. jamaicensis are about 2.9 millimetres (0.11 in) long, while males are only about 1.6 millimetres (0.063 in).

They are closely related to members of Episinus, Spintharus, Thwaitesia and Anelosimus.

Species

As of May 2020 it contains twenty-seven species that occurs almost exclusively in the New World from the United States to Brazil, with one species found in China, Korea and Japan, and two species endemic to Taiwan:[1]

• Chrosiothes carajaensis Puchulú-Figueiredo, Santanna & Rodrigues, 2017 – Brazil
• Chrosiothes chirica (Levi, 1954) – USA, Mexico
• Chrosiothes cicuta Puchulú-Figueiredo, Santanna & Rodrigues, 2017 – Brazil
• Chrosiothes decorus Puchulú-Figueiredo, Santanna & Rodrigues, 2017 – Brazil
• Chrosiothes diabolicus Puchulú-Figueiredo, Santanna & Rodrigues, 2017 – Brazil
• Chrosiothes episinoides (Levi, 1963) – Chile
• Chrosiothes fulvus Yoshida, Tso & Severinghaus, 2000 – Taiwan
• Chrosiothes goodnightorum (Levi, 1954) – Mexico to Costa Rica
• Chrosiothes iviei Levi, 1964 – USA
• Chrosiothes jamaicensis Levi, 1964 – Jamaica, Dominican Rep.
• Chrosiothes jenningsi Piel, 1995 – USA
• Chrosiothes jocosus (Gertsch & Davis, 1936) – USA, Mexico
• Chrosiothes litus Levi, 1964 – Mexico
• Chrosiothes minusculus (Gertsch, 1936) – USA, Mexico
• Chrosiothes murici Puchulú-Figueiredo, Santanna & Rodrigues, 2017 – Brazil
• Chrosiothes niteroi Levi, 1964 – Bolivia, Brazil, Argentina
• Chrosiothes perfidus Marques & Buckup, 1997 – Brazil
• Chrosiothes portalensis Levi, 1964 – USA, Mexico
• Chrosiothes proximus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899) – Mexico to Panama
• Chrosiothes silvaticus Simon, 1894 (type) – USA to Ecuador
• Chrosiothes sudabides (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) – China, Korea, Japan
• Chrosiothes taiwan Yoshida, Tso & Severinghaus, 2000 – Taiwan
• Chrosiothes tonala (Levi, 1954) – Mexico to Honduras
• Chrosiothes una Puchulú-Figueiredo, Santanna & Rodrigues, 2017 – Brazil
• Chrosiothes valmonti (Simon, 1898) – St. Vincent
• Chrosiothes venturosus Marques & Buckup, 1997 – Brazil
• Chrosiothes wagneri (Levi, 1954) – Mexico

Formerly included:

• C. australis (Simon, 1896) (Transferred to Episinus)

See also

• List of Theridiidae species

References

1. Gloor, Daniel; Nentwig, Wolfgang; Blick, Theo; Kropf, Christian (2020). "Gen. Chrosiothes Simon, 1894". World Spider Catalog Version 20.0. Natural History Museum Bern. doi:10.24436/2. Retrieved 2020-06-12.
2. Levi, H. W.; Levi, L. R. (1962). "The genera of the spider family Theridiidae". Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. 127: 30.
3. Simon, E (1894). Histoire naturelle des araignées. Paris: Roret. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.51973.

Further reading

• Levi, H.W. (1964). "The Spider Genera Stemmops, Chrosiothes, and the New Genus Cabello from America" (PDF). Psyche. 71 (2): 73–92. doi:10.1155/1964/60425. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-09-25.