Christine Hakim

Herlina Christine Natalia Hakim (born 25 December 1956) is an Indonesian actress, film producer, and activist. Born to a devout Muslim family of a mixed-race background in Jambi, she grew up in Yogyakarta, aspiring to be an architect or psychologist. This changed after she was discovered by Teguh Karya for his 1973 movie Cinta Pertama, a role which garnered her a Citra Award for Best Actress and convinced her to follow a career in acting. Since then, she has starred in numerous films, including 1977's Badai Pasti Berlalu and 1988's Tjoet Nja' Dhien; she also had a minor role in the 2010 Hollywood movie Eat Pray Love. As of 2011, she has won six Citra Awards, received a lifetime achievement award from the Cinemanila International Film Festival, and served as a member of the jury at the Cannes Film Festival

In this Indonesian name, there is no family name nor a patronymic.

Christine Hakim
Hakim in 2011
Born (1956-12-25) 25 December 1956
Kuala Tungkal, Jambi, Indonesia
NationalityIndonesian
CitizenshipIndonesian
OccupationActress, producer, activist
Years active1973 – present
Notable work
Awards9 Citra Awards

Hakim began branching out from acting in 1998, beginning with roles as producer of Daun di Atas Bantal and Pasir Berbisik and eventually spreading to documentary film-making and an activist for education and autism. Beginning in 2008, she has served as Indonesia's goodwill ambassador to UNESCO, focusing on educational issues.

Biography

Hakim was born in Kuala Tungkal, Jambi on 25 December 1956, but grew up in Yogyakarta. She is of mixed descent, with her relatives coming from Padang, Aceh, Banten, Pekalongan, Madiun, and the Middle East; this caused her to question her identity as a child and teenager.[1] Despite being devout Muslims, her parents named her Christine and Natalia because she was born on Christmas Day.[2]

Originally, Hakim did not intend to be an actress, but an architect or psychologist. However, she was cast in Teguh Karya's 1973 film Cinta Pertama after he saw pictures of her modelling in a magazine; despite only modelling to help her friend and not wanting to act, she was unable to decline Karya's request for fear of being impolite to such a "warm and friendly" person. She later described Karya as having "reeled [her] in, slowly, slowly, like a fisherma," and considered leaving acting after wrapping up filming. Her work in Cinta Pertama garnered her a Citra Award for Best Actress, which convinced her to continue acting.[1] Karya later told her that he had fought with his producer over her casting; the producer expressed concern that Hakim was "too thin and had no chest," to which Karya replied "are we selling a film or are we selling breasts?"[3]

The following year, Hakim starred in another Karya-directed film, Kawin Lari (Elope). The experience gave her a greater understanding of acting, causing her to "see life from a different perspective in studying [her] character." It was followed by a role in 1976's Sesuatu yang Indah (Something Beautiful), directed by Wim Umboh. Sesuatu yang Indah was the first film in which Hakim used her own voice; her voice had been dubbed by Titi Qadarsih in previous movies; Hakim's own voice had been considered "too heavy."[3] The next year, she starred in Badai Pasti Berlalu, appearing on the poster and the cover of the soundtrack album.[4]

Hakim signing autographs at the 1982 Indonesian Film Festival

Hakim presented 14 Indonesian films at the Nantes Three Continents Festival in November 1983; she had acted in half of them. Two years later she became an observer at the Cannes Film Festival, striking up a working relationship with Pierre Risient, who later assisted her in bringing her films to Cannes.[2]

One of these was Eros Djarot's 1988 film Tjoet Nja' Dhien, in which Hakim was cast as Acehnese guerilla leader Cut Nyak Dhien. It won the 1989 Cannes Film Festival award for Best International Film,[5] being screened in Le Semaine de Critique.[2] Hakim later described the role as a "huge honour" and "very challenging"; she has credited the role for answering her questions on her identity.[1] The film later became Indonesia's submission to the 62nd Academy Awards for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.[6]

Hakim screened her first work as a producer, Daun di Atas Bantal (Leaf on a Pillow) during Un Certain Regard at Cannes ten years later.[2] When producing the film, she chose young director Garin Nugroho, whom she perceived to be highly talented; she also took the leading role. During production, she made a mistake that required the reshooting of all footage. In an attempt to cut expenses, she had saved all cans of exposed film to send to the developing lab at once; the lab then notified her that a technical fault with the camera had rendered all of it unusable and that the problem could have been detected earlier had she sent each can as it was filmed.[1]

Hakim in 2008

Another production, 2001's Pasir Berbisik (Whispering Sands), went more smoothly. The film, which Hakim co-produced and played the leading role, was screened at the Deauville Asian Film Festival.[2] The following year she was appointed to the jury of the Cannes Film Festival, along with Michelle Yeoh.[1] In 2005 she received a special tribute during the opening ceremony of the 7th Deauville Asian Film Festival.[2]

In 2003, Hakim began work with RCTI and Metro TV on the TV show Untukmu Guru (For You, Teacher).[7] Five years later, Hakim was selected Indonesia's voluntary goodwill ambassador for UNESCO; she has used the position to promote education, push for education reforms in Indonesia, and promote disaster relief programs in South-East Asia.[8]

Hakim's first Hollywood experience came in 2010, Hakim played Wayan, a Balinese jamu seller, alongside Julia Roberts in Eat Pray Love. Arriving in Bali three days before shooting, she found herself rushed to read the script, be fitted, and rid herself of her green hair. She met with the person her character was based on to prepare for her role.[1] That same year, Hakim accepted a FIAPF Award for her "outstanding achievements"; she compared the award to Viagra, saying that it "make[s] [her] stronger to satisfy [audiences]".[1]

Hakim is also a documentary filmmaker. She has made a documentary on the Indonesian UNESCO World Heritage Sites,[1] and in 2011 produced a documentary on autism to "educate the public" that was released to coincide with World Autism Awareness Day.[9] As of May 2011, she is producing a documentary on the Dayak people of Kalimantan. She is considering making a fiction film based on their culture.[10]

Activism

Beginning in the early 2000s, Hakim became an activist, with a focus on education. After the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, she went on numerous humanitarian trips to Aceh.[7][2] She later founded the Christine Hakim feature, a foundation to promote public education about autism. She has urged the government to eliminate misconceptions regarding autism, calling the refusal to accept autistic students in public schools "a violation of human rights".[9]

Personal life

In 2000, Hakim married Dutchman Jeroen Lezer, a film producer, writer and actor. They live in Cibubur, East Jakarta, with Hakim's mother and adopted daughter Shena;[7] Bruce Emond of The Jakarta Post describes her home as being "like a lush secret garden amid the creeping suburbia".[3]

Hakim generally avoids discussing her personal life with the press and is unwilling to discuss topics that are not of public interest. In 1992 she said that "90 percent of the journalists here aren't interested in [her] films, they just want to know about [her] private life."[7]

Legacy

Hakim has been described as the "grande dame of Indonesian cinema"[2] as well as "Indonesia’s foremost actress".[3] She has also received a lifetime achievement award at the Cinemanila International Film Festival.[11]

Hakim has received several awards for her films:

  1. Citra Award for Best Leading Actress, for Cinta Pertama (1973)
  2. Citra Award for Best Leading Actress, for Sesuatu Yang Indah (1976)
  3. Citra Award for Best Leading Actress, for Pengemis dan Tukang Becak (1978)
  4. Citra Award for Best Leading Actress, for Di Balik Kelambu (1982)
  5. Citra Award for Best Leading Actress, for Kerikil-Kerikil Tajam (1984)
  6. Citra Award for Best Leading Actress, for Tjoet Nja' Dhien (1988)
  7. Best Actress at Asia Pacific International Film Festival

Hakim has refused a position on the Asia Pacific Screen Awards numerous times, due to being unable to reconcile her schedule with the awards.[1]

Filmography
  • Cinta Pertama (First Love; 1973) (awarded Citra FFI 1974, Surabaya)
  • Atheis (Atheist; 1974)
  • Ranjang Pengantin (Wedding Bed; 1974)
  • Kawin Lari (Elope; 1975)
  • Si Doel Anak Modern (Doel the Modern Child; 1976)
  • Hapuslah Airmata Mu (Shed Your Tears; 1976)
  • Sesuatu yang Indah (Something Beautiful; 1977) (awarded Citra FFI 1977, Jakarta)
  • Badai Pasti Berlalu (The Storm Will Surely Pass; 1977)
  • Petualang-Petualang (Wanderers; 1977)
  • Pengemis dan Tukang Becak (The Beggar and the Pedicab Driver; 1978) (awarded Citra FFI 1979, Palembang)
  • Dr. Siti Pertiwi (1980)
  • Seputih Hatinya, Semerah Bibirnya (As White as the Heart, as Red as the Lips; 1982)
  • Di Balik Kelambu (Behind the Screen; 1982) (awarded Citra FFI 1983, Medan)
  • Ponirah Terpidana (Ponirah is Convicted; 1984)
  • Kerikil-Kerikil Tajam (Sharp Pebbles; 1984) (awarded Citra FFI 1985, Bandung)
  • Tjoet Nja' Dhien (1988) (awarded Citra FFI)
  • Sleeping Man (1996)
  • De Gordel van Smaragd - Netherlands (1997) (The Tropic of Emerald; 1997)
  • Daun di Atas Bantal (Leaf on a Pillow; 1998)
  • Pasir Berbisik (Whispering Sands; 2001)
  • Puteri Gunung Ledang (Princess of Mount Ledang, 2004)
  • Merantau (Find Oneself; 2009)
  • Jamila dan Sang Presiden (Jamila and the President; 2009)
  • Eat Pray Love (2010)
  • Sang Kiai (2013) (The Clerics; 2013)
  • Pendekar Tongkat Emas (2014) (The Golden Cane Warrior; 2014)
  • De Reis - Netherlands (Short) (2014) (The Journey; 2014)
  • Guru Bangsa HOS Tjokroaminoto (2014) (HOS Tjokroaminoto: Teacher of the People; 2014)
  • Ibu Maafkan Aku (2016)
  • Boven Digoel (2016)
  • Kartini (2016)
  • Perias Mayat (2017)
  • Dancing In The Rain (2018)
  • Perempuan Tanah Jahanam (2019)

Awards and nominations
Award Year Category Recipients Result
Indonesian Film Festival 1974 Citra Award for Best Leading Actress Cinta Pertama Won
1977 Sesuatu yang Indah Won
1979 Pengemis dan Tukang Becak Won
1983 Di Balik Kelambu Won
1984 Ponirah Terpidana Nominated
1985 Kerikil-kerikil Tajam Won
1986 Bila Saatnya Tiba Nominated
1988 Tjoet Nja' Dhien Won
2004 Pasir Berbisik Nominated
2016 Ibu Maafkan Aku Nominated
2012 Citra Award for Best Supporting Actress Rayya, Cahaya Di Atas Cahaya Nominated
2015 Pendekar Tongkat Emas Won
2017 Kartini Won
2020 Perempuan Tanah Jahanam Won

References
  1. Webb 2010-12-08, Christine Hakim.
  2. Helmi 2005-04-03, Christine Hakim.
  3. Emond 2011-03-24, Consistently Christine.
  4. Ginting 2009, pp. 195-199.
  5. Siapno 2006, p. 25.
  6. Tempo 1989-11-18, Pacar.
  7. Emond 2003-07-13, Christine Hakim.
  8. Helmi 2010-10-22, Christine Hakim.
  9. Sabarine 2011-04-13, A beautiful mind.
  10. The Jakarta Post 2011-05-26, Hakim takes.
  11. Webb 2010-11-19, Christine Hakim.

Works cited

Bibliography

  • Ginting, Asrat; et al. (2009). Musisiku [My Musician] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Republika. ISBN 978-979-1102-52-0. OCLC 227000099.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Siapno, Jacqueline Aquino (2006). Gender, Islam, nationalism and the state of Aceh. London: Routledge-Curzon. ISBN 978-0-7007-1513-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

Online sources

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