Christianity in West Bengal

Christianity in West Bengal, India, is a minority religion. According to the 2011 census, there were 658,618 Christians in West Bengal, or 0.72% of the population.[1] Although Mother Teresa worked in Kolkata (Calcutta), Christianity is a minority religion in Kolkata as well. West Bengal has the highest number of Bengali Christians. Bengali Christians have been established since the 16th century with the advent of the Portuguese in Bengal. Later in the 19th and 20th centuries, many upper-class Bengalis converted to Christianity during the Bengali Renaissance under British rule, including Krishna Mohan Banerjee, Michael Madhusudan Dutt, Anil Kumar Gain, and Gnanendramohan Tagore. Aurobindo Nath Mukherjee was the first Indian to be Anglican Bishop of Calcutta

St. Paul's Cathedral - seat of the Diocese of Calcutta, Church of North India
The Bandel Church, rebuilt in 1660 on the site of an older 1599 church.
St. Andrew's Church, Darjeeling. Built: 1843, Rebuilt: 1873

Bengali Christians are considered a model minority, due to their significant contributions to Bengali culture and society for the past two centuries. They are considered to be among the most progressive communities in Bengal, and have the highest literacy rate, the lowest male-female sex ratio, along with better socio-economic status.[2] Christian missionaries run major social institutions dealing with education and healthcare, such as those run by the Jesuit Catholics, and the dominant Protestant Church of North India (CNI).

History

Christianity has been present in Bengal since the 16th century. The Portuguese established a settlement in Bandel, Hooghly district in the 16th century, and Bandel Church, perhaps the first church in West Bengal, was built in 1599.[3] Burnt down during the sacking of Hooghly in 1632, the church was rebuilt in 1660. The followers of Christianity mainly settled in Barddhmann, Bankura, Kolkata and Hooghly district of West Bengal. Many Bengali Catholics have Portuguese surnames.

British missionary William Carey, who founded the Baptist Missionary Society, travelled to India in 1793 and worked as a missionary in the Danish colony of Serampore, because of opposition from the East India Company to his activities in their regions. He translated the Bible into Bengali (completed 1809) and Sanskrit (completed 1818). His first Bengali convert was Krishna Pal, who renounced his caste after conversion. In 1818, the first theological college in Bengal, Serampore College, was founded.

Denominations

St. Paul's Cathedral, Kolkata is the seat of the Anglican Diocese of Calcutta (1813) of the Church of North India. The Roman Catholic ecclesiastical province which has its seat in the Cathedral of the Most Holy Rosary is the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Calcutta (1834).

Other denominations include:[4]

Population
Christians in West Bengal
YearNumberPercentage
2001[5]
515,150
0.64
2011[6]
658,618
0.72
Christians in West Bengal by district (2011)[7]
#DistrictTotal populationChristian population%
1Jalpaiguri3,872,846186,2794.81%
2Darjiling1,846,823141,8487.68%
3South 24 Parganas8,161,96166,4980.81%
4Kolkata4,496,69439,7580.88%
5Nadia5,167,60033,8350.65%
6North 24 Parganas10,009,78126,9330.27%
7Dakshin Dinajpur1,676,27624,7941.48%
8Paschim Medinipur5,913,45723,2870.39%
9Barddhaman7,717,56321,2200.27%
10Murshidabad7,103,80718,1020.25%
11Uttar Dinajpur3,007,13416,7020.56%
12Maldah3,988,84513,2090.33%
13Birbhum3,502,40410,9060.31%
14Haora4,850,0298,6660.18%
15Puruliya2,930,1158,6460.30%
16Hugli5,519,1457,3000.13%
17Koch Bihar2,819,0864,1220.15%
18Bankura3,596,6743,8650.11%
19Purba Medinipur5,095,8752,6480.05%
West Bengal (Total)91,276,115658,6180.72%
Trends in Christian population of West Bengal[8]
Census year % of total population
19510.70%
19610.59%
19710.57%
19810.59%
19910.56%
20010.64%
20110.72%

Notable Institutions
La Martinière Calcutta, one of India's most prestigious schools, is run by the Protestant Church of North India
St. Xavier's College, Kolkata, run by the catholic Jesuits, is one of India's best colleges

Schools

Colleges and Universities

Notable people

References
  1. Population by religious community: West Bengal. 2011 Census of India.
  2. Indian Christians Treat Their Women Better, Sex Ratio Highest
  3. Roma Bradnock, Footprint India, Footprint Travel Guides, 2004, ISBN 1-904777-00-7, p. 584.
  4. World Christian Encyclopedia , Second edition, 2001 Volume 1, p. 368-371
  5. "Total population by religious communities". Censusindia.gov.in. Archived from the original on 19 January 2008. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
  6. "Indian Census 2011". Census Department, Government of India. Archived from the original on 13 September 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
  7. Population by religious community: West Bengal. 2011 Census of India.
  8. B.P. Syam Roy (28 September 2015). "Bengal's topsy-turvy population growth". The Statesman.
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