Cheirostylis

Cheirostylis, commonly known as fleshy jewel orchids[2] or velvet orchids,[3] is a genus of about sixty species of flowering plants in the orchid family Orchidaceae. Plants in this genus are terrestrial herbs with a caterpillar-like rhizome and a loose rosette of leaves. Small, white, hairy flowers develop as the leaves wither. They are found in tropical Africa, southern Asia, Southeast Asia, Malesia, New Guinea and Australia.

Fleshy jewel orchids
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Orchidoideae
Tribe: Cranichideae
Subtribe: Goodyerinae
Genus: Cheirostylis
Blume[1]
Type species
Cheirostylis montana
Synonyms[1]
  • Gymnochilus Blume
  • Arisanorchis Hayata
  • Mariarisqueta Guinea
  • Hayata Aver.

Description

Orchids in the genus Cheirostylis are terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, sympodial herbs with a creeping, caterpillar-like, above-ground rhizome anchored to the ground by fine white root hairs. The leaves are thinly textured and arranged in a loose rosette with a short petiole but are usually withered by flowering time. The flowers are resupinate and usually small, white and hairy with the dorsal sepal and lateral sepals fused for about half their length. The petals are free from each other but are narrower than the sepals. The tip of the labellum has two lobes and a narrow base forming a shallow depression containing two calli.[2][3][4][5][6]

Taxonomy and naming

The genus Cheirostylis was first formally described in 1825 by Carl Ludwig Blume and the description was published in Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië.[1][7]

The first species of Cheirostylis described by Blume was C. montana, making it the type species.[8]

Distribution

Cheirostylis orchids occur in tropical Africa through tropical Asia from Japan to New Guinea and some Pacific Islands. Seventeen species, eight of which are endemic occur in China and two species are endemic to Australia.[2][3][5]

List of species

The following is a list of species recognised by the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families as at August 2018:[1]

  • Cheirostylis acuminata Blume (2016)
  • Cheirostylis bidentata J.J.Sm. (1928)
  • Cheirostylis bipunctata Aver. (1996)
  • Cheirostylis calcarata X.H.Jin & S.C.Chen (2007)
  • Cheirostylis celebensis P.O'Byrne & J.J.Verm. (2006)
  • Cheirostylis chinensis Rolfe (1895)
  • Cheirostylis clibborndyeri S.Y.Hu & Baretto (1976)
  • Cheirostylis cochinchinensis Blume (1859)
  • Cheirostylis cristata Aver. (2010)
  • Cheirostylis dendrophila Schltr. (1911)
  • Cheirostylis divina (Guinea) Summerh. (1953)
  • Cheirostylis filipetala Aver. (2003)
  • Cheirostylis flabellata (A.Rich.) Wight (1851)
  • Cheirostylis foliosa Aver. (2007)
  • Cheirostylis glandulifera Aver. (2014)
  • Cheirostylis glandulosa (Aver.) J.M.H.Shaw (2015)
  • Cheirostylis goldschmidtiana Schltr. (1915)
  • Cheirostylis grandiflora Blume (1859)
  • Cheirostylis griffithii Lindl. (1857)
  • Cheirostylis gunnarii A.N.Rao (1998)
  • Cheirostylis jamesleungii S.Y.Hu & Barretto (1976)
  • Cheirostylis javanica J.J.Sm. (1913)
  • Cheirostylis kabaenae Ormerod (2008)
  • Cheirostylis latipetala Aver. & Averyanova (2006)
  • Cheirostylis lepida (Rchb.f.) Rolfe (1897)
  • Cheirostylis liukiuensis Masam. (1930)
  • Cheirostylis malipoensis X.H.Jin & S.C.Chen (2007)
  • Cheirostylis marmorifolia Aver. (2000)
  • Cheirostylis merrillii (Ames & Quisumb.) Ormerod (1998)
  • Cheirostylis moniliformis (Griff.) Seidenf. (1978)
  • Cheirostylis montana Blume (1825)
  • Cheirostylis monteiroi S.Y.Hu & Barretto (1976)
  • Cheirostylis nantouensis T.P.Lin (2017)
  • Cheirostylis notialis D.L.Jones (1997) – southern fleshy jewel orchid
  • Cheirostylis nuda (Thouars) Ormerod (2002)
  • Cheirostylis octodactyla Ames (1907)
  • Cheirostylis orobanchoides (F.Muell.) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. (1998)
  • Cheirostylis ovata (F.M.Bailey) Schltr. (1911) – banded fleshy jewel orchid
  • Cheirostylis pabongensis Lucksom (1997)
  • Cheirostylis parvifolia Lindl. (1839)
  • Cheirostylis pingbianensis K.Y.Lang (1996)
  • Cheirostylis pubescens E.C.Parish & Rchb.f. (1874)
  • Cheirostylis pusilla Lindl. (1840)
  • Cheirostylis raymundii Schltr. (1915)
  • Cheirostylis rubrifolius T.P.Lin & W.M.Lin (2009)
  • Cheirostylis serpens Aver. (2005)
  • Cheirostylis sessanica A.N.Rao (1988)
  • Cheirostylis sherriffii N.Pearce & P.J.Cribb (1999)
  • Cheirostylis spathulata J.J.Sm. (1927)
  • Cheirostylis tabiyahanensis (Hayata) N.Pearce & P.J.Cribb (1999)
  • Cheirostylis takeoi (Hayata) Schltr. (1919)
  • Cheirostylis thailandica Seidenf. (1978)
  • Cheirostylis thanmoiensis (Gagnep.) Ormerod (2002)
  • Cheirostylis tippica A.N.Rao (1991)
  • Cheirostylis tortilacinia C.S.Leou (1990)
  • Cheirostylis yunnanensis Rolfe (1896)

References
  1. "Cheirostylis". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  2. Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. pp. 346–347. ISBN 1877069124.
  3. "Cheirostylis". Trin keys. Retrieved 30 August 2018.
  4. "Genus Cheirostylis". Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. Retrieved 30 August 2018.
  5. "Cheirostylis". Flora of China. Retrieved 30 August 2018.
  6. Jones, David L. (1997). "A taxonomic review of Cheirostylis (Orchidaceae) in Australia" (PDF). Muelleria. 10: 76. Retrieved 30 August 2018.
  7. Blume, Carl Ludwig (1825). Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië. Batavia. p. 413. Retrieved 30 August 2018.
  8. "Cheirostylis montana". APNI. Retrieved 30 August 2018.
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