Charles Burleigh Purvis

Charles Burleigh Purvis (April 14, 1842 – December 14, 1929) was a physician in Washington, D.C. He was among the founders of the medical school at Howard University. He was the first black physician to attend a sitting president when he attended President James Garfield after he was shot by an assassin in 1881, he was the first black physician to head a hospital under civilian authority when he was made surgeon-in-charge of the Freedmen's Hospital that same year. He was first black person to serve on the D. C. Board of Medical Examiners and the second black instructor at an American medical school. He was also a leading activist in civil rights and universal suffrage movements.

Charles B. Purvis
Purvis in 1887
Born(1842-04-14)April 14, 1842
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, US
DiedDecember 14, 1929(1929-12-14) (aged 87)
Los Angeles, California, US
Occupationphysician
Political partyRepublican
Parents
RelativesHarriet Purvis, Jr. (sister)

Early life

Purvis was born in Philadelphia on April 14, 1842.[1] Purvis' parents were abolitionists Robert Purvis and Harriet Forten Purvis. When he was two years old, the family moved to Byberry in Philadelphia.[2] Charles was the fifth of eight children and worked on the farm as a young man. He attended some public schools, but most of his schooling was with the Quakers. He enrolled at Oberlin in 1860 and stayed for two years but did not finish. In 1862 he entered the Medical College at Western Reserve in Cleveland.[3]

Medical career

In 1864 he served in the Union Army in the US Civil War as a military nurse at Camp Barker which became a model for Freedmen's hospital,[3] and he graduated from Western Reserve in March, 1865. Two months after graduation he took the position of acting assistant surgeon with a rank of first lieutenant and was assigned to duty in Washington, DC.[2] He served in this role until 1869.[4]

On June 9, 1869, Purvis and Alexander Thomas Augusta were proposed for membership of the Medical Society of DC, a branch of the American Medical Association. They were considered eligible, but did not receive enough votes. Another black physician, A. W. Tucker, was proposed on June 23, but was also rejected. In response, these three formed the National Medical Society. [5]

Purvis and Alexander T. Augustus were among the founders of Howard University Medical School[6] where, in the fall of 1868 he was elected professor of materia medica and medical jurisprudence a position which he held for five years when he became chair of obstetrics and diseases of women and children. That year he was elected secretary to the Medical Faculty.[2] Morris was very successful at Howard, and was credited with keeping the medical department running during the financial panic of 1873.[5]

He attended President Garfield after he was shot by an assassin on July 2, 1881.[1] This made him the first black physician to attend to a sitting president.[3] Later in 1881 he was appointed by President Chester Arthur to Surgeon-in-Charge at the Freedmen's hospital.[2] Purvis was surgeon-in-charge at the Freedmen's Hospital from October 1, 1881, to 1894,[7] and in that role was the first black person to head a hospital under civilian authority.[3] In a letter from 1908, Purvis stated he believed he was removed by the Secretary of the Interior Hoke Smith in favor of a Democrat.[5]

In 1904, Purvis was granted a license to practice in Massachusetts and admitted to the Massachusetts Medical Society, and in 1905 he moved to Boston.[5] Purvis resigned from the Howard University medical school on May 28, 1907. He was appointed professor emeritus on January 21, 1908. Purvis' initial appointment at Howard was professor in the Medical Department in 1868. On May 24, 1908, he was elected a member of the board of trustees and served until his resignation on June 1, 1926.[8]

Other activities

In Washington, Purvis was close personal friends with many prominent leaders, including Frederick Douglass, Francis J. Grimke, Blanche K. Bruce, and Richard Theodore Greener.[9] In 1881, Purvis joined James Monroe Gregory and George T. Downing in fighting against a proposed law before the U.S. House of Representatives creating separate schools for black children. The trio created an organization to fight this discrimination. The group gathered about it many leading civil rights figures, having Frederick Douglass as president, Richard T. Greener as secretary, and also including Frederick G. Barbadoes, John F. Cook, Francis James Grimké, Milton M. Holland, Wiley Lane, William H. Smith, Purvis, Downing, and Gregory. The group was supported by representative Dudley C. Haskell of Kansas and succeeded.[10]

He was a Mason.[11] He was the first black person to serve on the D. C. Board of Medical Examiners and the second black instructor in an American Medical School.[1] He was given a LL.D. Degree from Howard University in 1914.[4]

Purvis, along with his father and many others, were active in feminist movements and calls for universal suffrage.[12] Purvis was criticized for not being thoroughly identified with blacks, having light skin, marrying a white woman, and sending his daughter to white public schools in DC.[13]

Purvis married Ann Hathaway on April 13, 1871. They had two children; Alice who became a physician and Robert who became a dentist. Purvis died in Los Angeles, California, on December 14, 1929.[3]

References
  1. Yesterday in Negro History, Jet, Vol VII, No 23, A Johnson Publication, Apr 14, 1955
  2. Simmons, William J., and Henry McNeal Turner. Men of Mark: Eminent, Progressive and Rising. No. 247. GM Rewell & Company, 1887. p690-693
  3. Smith, Jessie Carney. Notable Black American Men Book II. Gale/Cengage Learning, 2007.
  4. Logan, Rayford W. Howard University: The first hundred years, 1867–1967. NYU Press, 1969. p 42-43
  5. Morris, Karen Sarena, "The Founding of the National Medical Association" (2008). Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library. Paper 360.
  6. Jaynes, Gerald D., ed. Encyclopedia of African American Society. Sage Publications, 2005. p 428
  7. Logan, 1969, p 122
  8. Logan, 1969, p 160
  9. Moore, Jacqueline M. Leading the race: The transformation of the black elite in the nation's capital, 1880–1920. University of Virginia Press, 1999. p 30
  10. Simmons, William J. 1887, p631-646
  11. Cox, Joseph. Great Black Men of Masonry. iUniverse, 2002. p275
  12. Harley, Sharon, and Rosalyn Terborg-Penn. The Afro-American Woman: Struggles and Images. Black Classic Press, 1997. p 19
  13. Gatewood, Willard B. Aristocrats of Color: the Black Elite 1880–1920 (p). University of Arkansas Press, 1990. p167-268
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